Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663
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              veniant merces, & per loca deſerta,
                <expan abbr="periculo-ſáq;">periculo­
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                ſáque</expan>
              neceſſe eſt vt ſimul plures veniant mer­
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              catores, ac in modum agminis, ob
                <expan abbr="ſecuritatẽ">ſecuritatem</expan>
              :
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              quare cum in aliquam vrbem ſedem poſue­
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              rint, incommodum nimis eſſet eam ſocieta­
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              tem vagari, non ſolùm mercatoribus, ſed vr­
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              bibus: vnde melius eſt, & longè faciliùs, vi­
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              cinos omnes in eum locum confluere, quod
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              cùm multis perſeuerat annis, contingit
                <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>
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              è paruo pago vrbem fieri populoſiſſimam.
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              Tales igitur ſunt, Quiſnai, Singui, Camba­
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              la, & Cairum. </s>
              <s id="s.009143">Hanc ciuitatem Gehoar Il­
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              liricus ſeruus Elcaim Mahumetanorum
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              Pontificis in Ægypto ædificauit ſecuritatis
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              cauſa, vocatáque nomine Pontificis Elcaira,
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              inde corruptio, vocabulo Cairum. </s>
              <s id="s.009144">Si quis ob­
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              iiciat Byzantium ſeu Conſtantinopolim, ta­
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              metſi cum his, quæ ſexaginta atque amplius
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              habent paſſuum millia in ambitu, conferri
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              minimè debeat, cauſa tamen imperium eſt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.009145">Antiquitate autem nulla nobilior Lycoſura
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              Arcadiæ ciuitate: ante illam inquit Pauſa­
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              nias, ſol ciuitatem non vidit. </s>
              <s id="s.009146">In Lyceo mon­
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              te à Lycaone Pelaſgi filio ædificata eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009147">Ci­
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              uitates ſitu ac viris conſtant. </s>
              <s id="s.009148">Situs ſalubris,
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              inexpugnabilis, aditúque facilis eſſe debet.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.009149">Inexpugnabilis ſitus eſſe non poteſt, niſi
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              monte, vel palude, aut aquis. </s>
              <s id="s.009150">In montibus
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              aditus difficilis eſt, in paludibus ſalubris eſſe
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              non poteſt: igitur in aqua ciuitate æterna
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              collocanda eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009151">At nec in omni aqua, ſed
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              quæ breuibus & vadis abundet. </s>
              <s id="s.009152">Neque bre­
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              uia & vada ſufficiunt, in dulcibus enim
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              aquis inſalubris fiet aër. </s>
              <s id="s.009153">Quòd ſi à conti­
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              nente abſit plurimùm, aut mari obruetur,
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              aut ſiccabuntur vada: quæ ſi ſiccentur, fama
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              intereat neceſſe eſt: nam nec nauigationi
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              locus, nec agri in mari eſſe poſſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.009154">Talis ſi­
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              tus eſt Venetianum, & Singui vbi ſex mil­
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              lia pontium lapideorum, & Quiſnai, vbi
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              duodecim millia, & in Amſterdano Batauo­
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              rum, ſeu Holandiæ vrbe. </s>
              <s id="s.009155">Atque has omnes
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              & maximas, & opulentiſſimas eſſe haud du­
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              bium eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009156">Quod ad viros attinet, horum duæ
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              ſunt partes, corporea ménſque. </s>
              <s id="s.009157">Corpori­
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              bus vtimur ad ea, quæ mens docet, & im­
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              perat. </s>
              <s id="s.009158">Mens pura eſſe nequit, nec cui omnes
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              libenter pareant, niſi quòd puriſſimum eſt
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              illius ſeparetur & imperet. </s>
              <s id="s.009159">Pars autem hæc
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              mentis, lex vocatur. </s>
              <s id="s.009160">Sola igitur ciuitas in
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              qua lex imperet, non homines, & corpora
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              hominum militari robore exercitata, ſitúſ­
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              que tum ſalubris, tum tutus, & aditu fa­
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              cilis, æterna in libertate manere, id eſt, diu­
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              turna poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009161">Talis eſt Venetiarum conditio:
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              quamobrem vrbi Venetiarum vel ſola, vel
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              maximè libera vrbs meretur appellari. </s>
              <s id="s.009162">Di­
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              ctum eſt autem de his alibi. </s>
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              Ratio tri­
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              plex magni
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              tudinis vr­
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              bium.</s>
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            <p type="margin">
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              Quatuor vr­
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              bes maximæ
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              orbis.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.009165">Cairi vrbis
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              origo.</s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009166">
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              Lycoſura ci­
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              uitatum om­
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              nium prima.</s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009167">
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              Vrbium ater­
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              narum quin­
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              que conditio­
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              nes.</s>
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              Veneta vr ur­bis laus.</s>
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              <s id="s.009169">Tertia diſcriminis ratio, ex lingua eſt: nec
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              eſt aliud in quo plus homo ab homine dif­
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              ferat, cùm cætera animalia iiſdem vocibus
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              eoſdem demonſtrent affectus. </s>
              <s id="s.009170">Solus homo
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              ab homine non plus intelligitur, quàm à leo­
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              ne hirundo. </s>
              <s id="s.009171">Quot verò ſint diſcrimina lin­
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              guarum, explicare numero vix queam. </s>
              <s id="s.009172">Sunt
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              tamen ſex ſimplicia genera: ab ore, & hi
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              quaſi ſibilant: à lingua intra dentes, à lingua
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              exerta: tum hæc duplex, vt in labiis, & in
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              palato: à gutture, & à pectore. </s>
              <s id="s.009173">Licet autem
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              hæc omnia fermè diſcrimina in Italia inſpi­
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              cere: nam Florentini gula, Veneti Palato,
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              Neapolitani dentibus, Ianuenſes labiis pro­
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              ferunt. </s>
              <s id="s.009174">In vniuerſum lingua quatuor modis
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              ſimplicibus ſermonem edit acuta, reflexa, ſu­
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              perius, inferius, & libera. </s>
              <s id="s.009175">Libera lingua eſt
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              Romana, ſuperius inflectitur Anglica. </s>
              <s id="s.009176">Fiunt
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              autem modi compoſiti quinquaginta ſex,
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              quibus additis ſex ſimplicibus, erunt ex pro­
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              lationis differentia ſexaginta duo linguarum
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              genera. </s>
              <s id="s.009177">Sed hæc variantur ſingula pro no­
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              minum ratione, vt homo Latinè
                <foreign lang="grc">ἄνθρωπος</foreign>
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              Græcè, vmbri Hiſpanicè, etiamſi nulla eſſet
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              in prolatione varietas. </s>
              <s id="s.009178">Quædam etiam eſt
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              differentia in prolationibus, nam vel idem
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              verbum ſubiicitur pluribus prolationum
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              generibus, aut quædam iis, quædam aliis:
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              quis igitur infinita genera linguarum eſſe
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              non nouerit? </s>
              <s id="s.009179">Sunt autem ex his, quæ non
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              facilè nomina iungunt, vt Romana & Hiſ­
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              pana. </s>
              <s id="s.009180">Quædam mira felicitate vtuntur com­
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              poſitis nominibus, vt Græca atque Germa­
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              nica. </s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009181">
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              Linguarum
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              diſcrimina.</s>
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              <s id="s.009182">Vltimum erat diſcrimen à moribus, vt
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              ſint qui homines edant, quorum genus ad­
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              huc in Nouo orbe apud Hiſpaniam inſulam
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              perſeuerat. </s>
              <s id="s.009183">Neceſſe eſt autem hos homines
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              feros eſſe, atque
                <expan abbr="eãdem">eandem</expan>
              habere
                <expan abbr="rationẽ">rationem</expan>
              quàm
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              lupi ad iumenta. </s>
              <s id="s.009184">Initium ex odio fuit: inde
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              ſapore allecti, atque ignauia, cum nefanda
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              omnia ſuis incrementis augeantur apud ho­
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              mines, in vſum vindicta tranſiit. </s>
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              Germania
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              lingua vt
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              Græca felici­
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              ter nomina
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              iungit.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.009186">Homines
                <expan abbr="edẽ">eden
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                tes</expan>
              humanas
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              carnes.</s>
            </p>
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              <s id="s.009187">Sunt & præter hæc diſcrimina natura­
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              lia ſexus, ætatis ac temperamenti, adeò vt
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              plus homo ab homine differat, quàm à lu­
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              po capra. </s>
              <s id="s.009188">Differunt igitur primùm magni­
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              tudine: & qui ſunt immenſi, gigantes vo­
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              cantur: qui parui, pygmæi ſeu pumiliones.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.009189">Fuiſſe gigantes cùm multa teſtentur monu­
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              menta, id tamen in primis argumento eſſe
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              debet, quòd Claudij Cæſaris temporibus
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              Gabbara nomine Arabs fuit longitudine no­
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              uem pedum ac totidem vnciarum, quæ ſi in
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              noſtram redigatur menſuram, implet ſeptem
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              brachia lignea, & quartam partem cum ſex­
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              tadecima. </s>
              <s id="s.009190">Minus mirum videri poſſit noſtra
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              ætate, cùm inſula gigantum in Nouo orbe
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              inuenta ſit. </s>
              <s id="s.009191">Nec ſcio tamen an is, quem
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              Cæſar noſter Italiæ, non parua cum admi­
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              ratione oſtendit, ex illa inſula eſſet oriun­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1277"/>
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              dus. </s>
              <s id="s.009192">Vnum tamen ſat eſt, Gabbaræ magni­
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              tudinem fuiſſe mirabilem, cùm homo ma­
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              gnus trium brachiorum longitudinem non
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              expleat. </s>
              <s id="s.009193">Adducor autem auctoritate ſcri­
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              bentium olim de re militari, qui tyronum
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              mediocrem magnitudinem quinque pedum
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              eſſe ſtatuerunt: vt quarta parte pes antiquus
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              menſura brachij noſtri minor ſit: ita Gab­
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              bara brachiorum quinque, & trium par­
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              tium è quatuor, ſeu nouem vnciarum,
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              quæ menſura dupla eſt communi hominum
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              ætatis huius magnitudini. </s>
              <s id="s.009194">Vt non abs re
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              dictum ſit ab illis, hominem tanta magni­
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              tudine neque poſt Claudij tempora, nec
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              mille annis ante Auguſtum viſum eſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.009195">An­
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              te autem belli Troiani tempora Aiax Te­
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              lamonius ingentis magnitudinis fuit. </s>
              <s id="s.009196">Re­
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              fert nanque Pauſania, detectum illius mo­
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              numentum inundatione aditu præbente, vi­
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              ſámque genu rotulam diſco Pentathli ado­
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              leſcentis æqualem. </s>
              <s id="s.009197">Hic autem ambitu capitis </s>
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