Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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you have three Rows of Columns, divide the
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Space that is between the firſt Row and the
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Roof into two Parts, and in that Diviſion end
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the ſecond Cornice. </
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<
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>Between the firſt and ſe
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cond Cornices, let the Wall be preſerved en
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tire, and adorn it with ſome beautiful Sorts of
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Stuc-work; but in the Wall between the ſe
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cond and the third Cornices, you muſt make
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your Windows for lighting the whole Structure.
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<
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>The Windows in Baſiliques muſt be ſet exactly
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over the Intercolumnations, and anſwer regu
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larly to one another. </
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<
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>The Breadth of theſe
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Windows muſt not be leſs than three Fourths
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of the Intercolumnation, and their Height
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may very conveniently be twice their Breadth.
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>Their Head-piece may be upon a Line with
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the Top of the Columns, excluſive of the Ca
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pitals, if theſe Windows be made ſquare; but
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if they are round, their Arch may come al
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moſt even with the Architrave, and ſo lower
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as you think fit to diminiſh the Arch; but
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they muſt never riſe above the Tops of the
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Columns. </
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>At the Bottom of the Window
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muſt be a Plat-band for a Reſt or Leaning
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Place, with a Cima-recta and an Ovolo. </
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<
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>The
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Open of the Window muſt be grated, tho' not
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paned with ſcantling Tale like thoſe of the
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Temple; but ſtill they muſt have ſomething
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to keep out Wind and Weather. </
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<
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>On the other
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Hand, it is neceſſary to have a free Vent for
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the Air, that the Duſt which is raiſed by the
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Peoples Feet may not injure their Eyes and
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Lungs; and therefore I think nothing does
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better here, than thoſe fine Grates, either of
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Braſs or Lead, with an infinite Number of
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ſmall Holes diſpoſed in a regular Order, al
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moſt like a Picture, which admit both Light
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and Air to refreſh the Spirits. </
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>The Roof or Ceil
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ing will be extreamly handſome, if it is compoſ
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ed of different Pannels nicely jointed together,
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with large Circles, in handſome Proportions,
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mixed with other Compartments and Angles,
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and if thoſe Pannels are ſeparated from each
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other with flying Cornices, with all their due
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Members, and with their Coffits adorned with
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carved Work of Gems in Relief, intermixed
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with beautiful Flowers, either of the Acanthus
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or any other, the Pannels being enriched with
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lively Colours, by the Hand of ſome ingeni
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ous Painter, which will add a ſingular Grace
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to the whole Work.
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Pliny
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tells us of an ex
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traordinary Cement for laying Gold upon
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Wood-work; which may be made as follows.
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<
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>Mix together ſix Pounds of Sinoper, or Terra
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Pontica, and ten Pounds of red Oker, mixed
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with two Pounds of Terra Melina or White
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Lead, which muſt be all ground together, and
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the paſt kept full ten Days before it is uſed.
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<
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>Maſtic ſteept in Linſeed Oil, and mixed with
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Helbic Sinoper or Ruddle well burnt, makes
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a Cement or Glue that will hardly ever come
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off. </
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>The Height of the Door of the Baſilique
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muſt be anſwerable to that of the Iſles. </
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<
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>If
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there be a Portico on the Outſide, by Way of
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Veſtibule, it muſt be of the ſame Height and
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Breadth as the Iſle within. </
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<
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>The Void Cham
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branle, and other Members of the Door muſt
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be made after the ſame Rules at the Door of
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the Temple; but in a Baſilique the Leaf
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ſhould never be of the Braſs. </
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<
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>But you may
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make it of Cypreſs, Cedar, or any other fine
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Wood, and enrich it with Boſſes of Braſs, con
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triving the Whole rather for Strength than
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Delicacy: Or if you would have it beautiful
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or noble, do not embeliſh it with any minute
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Ornaments in Imitation of Painting, but adorn
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it with ſome Relieve, not too high raiſed,
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that may make the Work look handſome, and
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not to be too liable to be injured. </
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<
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>Some have
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of late begun to build Baſiliques circular. </
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<
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>In
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theſe the Height in the Middle muſt be equal
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to the Breadth of the whole Structure; but
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the Porticoes, Colonades, Doors and Windows
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muſt be in the ſame Proportions as in the
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ſquare Baſilique. </
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<
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>Of this Subject ſufficient has
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been ſaid.</
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<
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>CHAP. XVI.</
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Of Monuments raiſed for preſerving the Memory of publick Actions and
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Events.
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<
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>I come now to ſpeak of Monuments erected
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for preſerving the Memory of great Events;
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and here by Way of Relief I ſhall take the
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Liberty to unbend myſelf a little from that In
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tenſeneſs and Dryneſs which is neceſſary in
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thoſe Parts of this Work which turn altogether
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upon Numbers and Proportions: However,
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I ſhall take Care not to be too prolix. </
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<
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>Our </
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