Castelli, Benedetto
,
Of the mensuration of running waters
,
1661
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paſſing by its extreameſt parts, wherewith it communicateth with
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the River; in which parts, the Torrent being meaſured, ſhall
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have ſuch a certain meaſure: but the River ſwelling and riſing,
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alſo thoſe parts of the Torrent augment in greatneſſe and mea
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ſure, though the Torrent, in that inſtant, diſ-imbogue no more
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water than it did before: ſo that the River being ſwelled, we
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are to conſider two mouths of the ſame Torrent, one leſſe be
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fore the riſing, the other greater after the riſing, which mouths
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diſcharge equal quantities of water in equal times; therefore the
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velocity by the leſſer mouth ſhall be greater than the velocity by
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the greater mouth; and thus the Torrent ſhall be retarded from
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its ordinary courſe.</
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COROLLARIE
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V.</
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>From which operation of Nature proceedeth another effect
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worthy of conſideration; and it is, that the courſe of the water
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retarding, as hath been ſaid in thoſe ultimate parts of the Tor
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rent, if it ſhall happen that the Torrent grow torbid and mud
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dy, and its ſtreame be retarded in ſuch a degree, that it is not
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able to carry away thoſe minute grains of Earth, which com
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poſe the muddineſſe; in this caſe the Torrent ſhall clear away
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the mud, and carry away the Sand at the bottome of its own
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Chanel, in the extream parts of its mouth, which raiſed and
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voided Sand, ſhall again afterwards be carried away, when the
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River abating, the Torrent ſhall return to move with its primitive
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velocity.</
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COROLLARIE
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VI.</
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>Whilſt it is demonſtrated, that the ſame water hath different
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meaſures in its Chanel or courſe, according as it varieth in
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velocity; ſo that the meaſure of the water is alwayes greater, where
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the velocity is leſſer; and on the contrary, the meaſure leſſer,
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where the velocity is greater: from hence we may moſt ele
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gantly render the reaſon of the uſual Proverb,
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Take heed of the
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ſtill waters:
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For that if we conſider the ſelf ſame water of a
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River in thoſe parts, wherein it is leſs ſwift, and thence called
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ſtill
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or
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ſmooth
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water, it ſhall be, of neceſſity, of greater meaſure
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than in thoſe parts, in which it is more ſwift, and therefore ordi
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narily ſhall be alſo more deep and dangerous for paſſengers;
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whence it is well ſaid,
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Take heed of the ſtill Waters
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; and this
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ſaying hath been ſince applied to things moral.</
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