Foscarini, Paolo Antonio
,
An epistle to fantoni
,
1661
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of Nature ought to be perpetual) may be ſaid to be immutable
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and immoveable, and the Heavens themſelves to be immovea
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bly moved, and Terrene things to be immutably changed, be
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cauſe thoſe never ceaſe moving, nor theſe changing. </
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>By this Prin
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ciple or Maxime all difficulties belonging to the firſt Claſſis are
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cleared, by which the Earth is ſaid to be ſtable and immoveable,
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that is, by underſtanding this one thing, That the Earth, as to its
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own Nature, though it include in it ſelf a local Motion, and that
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threefold, according to the opinion of
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Copernicus (ſcilicet
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Diur
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nal, with which it revolveth about its own Centre; Annual,
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by which it moveth through the twelve Signes of the Zodiack,
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and the motion of Inclination, by which its Axis is alwayes op
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poſed to the ſame part of the World) as alſo other Species of
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Mutation, ſuch as Generation and Corruption, Accretion and
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Diminution, and Alteration of divers kinds; yet in all theſe ſhe
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is ſtable & conſtant, never deviating from that Order which God
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hath appointed her, but moveth continually, conſtantly and im
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mutably, according to the ſix before named Species of Motion.</
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Several Motions
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of the Earth ac
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cording to
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Coper
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nicus.</
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>My third Maxime ſhall be this; When a thing is moved ac
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cording to ſome part of it, and not according to its whole, it
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cannot be ſaid to be
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ſimply & abſolutely
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moved, but only
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per acci
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dens,
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for that ſtability taken ſimply & abſolutly do rather accord
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with the ſame. </
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>As for example, if a Barrel or other meaſure of
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Water be taken out of the Sea, and transferred to another place,
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the Sea may not therefore
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abſolutely & ſimply
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be ſaid to be remo
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ved from place to place; but only
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per accidens,
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and
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ſecundum
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quid,
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that is, according to a part of it, but rather (to ſpeak ſim
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ply) we ſhould ſay that the Sea cannot be carried or moved out of
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its proper place,, though as to its parts it be moved, and transfer
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red to & again. </
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>This Maxime is manifeſt of it ſelf, and by it may
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the Authorities be explained which ſeem to make for the immo
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bility of the Earth in this manner; namely, The Earth
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per ſe &
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abſolutè
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conſidered as to its
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Whole,
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is not mutable, ſeeing it is
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neither generated nor corrupted neither increaſed nor diminiſhed;
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neither is it altered
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ſecundum totum,
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but only
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ſecundum partes.
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Now it plainly appears, that this is the genuine and true Senſe of
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what is aſcribed to it out of
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Eccleſiaſtes, cap. 1. v. </
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<
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>4. One Generation
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paſſeth away, and another Generation cometh, but the Earth abideth
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for ever
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: as if he ſhould ſay; although the Earth, according to its
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parts, doth generate and corrupt, and is liable to the viciſſitudes of
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Generation and corruption, yet in reference to its Whole it never
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generateth nor Corrupteth, but abideth immutable for ever:
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Like as a Ship, which though it be mended one while in the Sail
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yard, another while in the Stern, and afterwards in other parts
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it yet remains the ſame Ship as it was at firſt. </
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<
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>But tis to be </
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