Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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[21.] DE QVALITATE VISIONIS, ET AB ILLA DE-pendentibus. Cap. 5. 14. Viſio fit radijs à uiſibili extrinſec{us} ad uiſum manantib{us}. 6 p 3.
Page: 13 (7)
[22.] 15. Viſ{us} è ſingulis ſuæ ſuperficiei punctis ſingula uiſibilis punct a uidet. 17. 18 p 3.
Page: 14 (8)
[23.] 16. Humor cryſtallin{us} eſt præcipuum organum facult atis opticæ. 4. 18 p 3.
Page: 14 (8)
[24.] 17. Lux perpendicularis penetr at per qualibet diuerſa media: obliqua refringitur. 42. 43. 44. 45. 47 p 2.
Page: 15 (9)
[25.] 18. Viſio diſtincta fit rectis lineis à uiſibili ad ſuperficiem uiſ{us} perpẽdicularibus. Ita ſin-gula uiſibilis punct a eundem obtinent ſitum in ſuperficie uiſ{us}, quem in uiſibili. 17 p 3.
Page: 15 (9)
[26.] 19. Viſio fit per pyramidem, cui{us} uertex eſt in uiſu, baſis in uiſibili. 18. 21. 22 p 3.
Page: 16 (10)
[27.] 20. Oculus & ſphæra cryſtallina habent idem centrum. 7 p 3. Idem 12 n.
Page: 18 (12)
[28.] 21. Viſibile uiſui oppoſitum uidetur. 2 p 3.
Page: 19 (13)
[29.] 22. Viſibile per medium perſpicuum uidetur. 13 p 3.
Page: 19 (13)
[30.] 23. Viſio non fit radijs à uiſu emißis. s p 3.
Page: 20 (14)
[31.] 24. Viſio uidetur fieri per σ {υν}{άν}γ{δι}αμ, id eſt receptos ſimul & emiſſos radios.
Page: 21 (15)
[32.] 25. Viſio perſicitur, cŭ forma uiſibilis cryſtallino humore recepta, in neruũ opticum peruenerit. 20 p 3.
Page: 21 (15)
[33.] 26. Viſio eſt ex eorum numero, quæ dolorem faciunt. 16 p 3.
Page: 21 (15)
[34.] 27. Vtro uiſu una uiſibilis forma plerun uidetur. 28 p 3.
Page: 22 (16)
[35.] 28. Corpora perſpicua nata at apta ſunt ad recipiendum reddendum́ obiectis corporibus lucem & colorem, abſ ulla ſui mutatione. 4 p 2.
Page: 23 (17)
[36.] 29. Lux & color per corpor a perſpicua diſtinctè penetrant. s p 2.
Page: 23 (17)
[37.] 30. Humor cryſtallin{us} lucem & colorẽ aliter recipit, quàm cætera perſpicua corpora. 22 p 3.
Page: 23 (17)
[38.] 31. Colores uiſibilium in obiect is corporib{us} illuminantur, & obſcur antur præcipuè, pro lucis qualitate & obiectorum corporum colorib{us}. Vide 3 n.
Page: 24 (18)
[39.] 32. Lux uehemens trib{us} potißimùm de caußis uiſibilia quædam obſcur at. Vide 2 n.
Page: 25 (19)
[40.] DE OFFICIO ET VTILITATE INSTRVMEN-torum uiſus. Caput ſextum. 33. Multiplex & uaria eſt partium uiſ{us} utilit{as}: diuerſa́ ſunt ipſarum inter ipſas officìa. 4 p 3.
Page: 26 (20)
[41.] 34. Superſicies tunicarum uiſ{us} ſunt globoſæ. 3. 4 p 3.
Page: 27 (21)
[42.] 35. Ocul{us} eſt globoſ{us}. 3 p 3.
Page: 27 (21)
[43.] DE IIS SINE QVIBVS VISIO NON PO-teſt compleri. Caput ſeptimum. 36. Ad uiſionem perſiciendam ſex inprimis neceſſaria ſunt.
Page: 28 (22)
[44.] 37. Diſt antia inter uiſum & uiſibile. 15 p 3.
Page: 28 (22)
[45.] 38. Collocatio uiſibilis ante uiſum directa. 2 p 3.
Page: 28 (22)
[46.] 39. Lux. 1 p 3.
Page: 28 (22)
[47.] 40. Magnitudo rei uiſibilis. 19 p 3.
Page: 29 (23)
[48.] 41. Perſpicuit{as} corporis inter uiſum & uiſibile interiecti. 13 p 3.
Page: 29 (23)
[49.] 42. Denſit{as} ac ſolidit {as} uiſibilis. 14 p 3.
Page: 29 (23)
[50.] ALHAZEN FILII ALHAYZEN OPTICAE LIBER SECVNDVS.
Page: 30 (24)
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          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s942" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="15" file="0021" n="21" rhead="OPTICAE LIBER I."/>
            opinio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s943" xml:space="preserve"> Dicere ergo eſſe radios, eſt nihil.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s944" xml:space="preserve"> Et etiã omnes mathematici dicẽtes eſſe radios, nõ utuntur
              <lb/>
            in demonſtrationibus, niſi lineis imaginarijs tantùm, & uocant ipſas lineas radiales.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s945" xml:space="preserve"> Et iam declara
              <lb/>
            uimus nos, quòd uiſus nihil cõprehendit ex rebus uiſis, niſi ex uerticatiõibus iſtarũ linearũ tantùm.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s946" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Opinio ergo opinantiũ, quòd lineæ radiales ſint imaginariæ, eſt opinio uera:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s947" xml:space="preserve"> & opinio opinantium,
              <lb/>
            quòd aliquid exit à uiſu, eſt opinio falſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s948" xml:space="preserve"> Iam ergo declaratũ eſt ex omnibus, quę diximus, quòd uiſus
              <lb/>
            nõ ſentit lucẽ & colorẽ, quę ſunt in ſuperficie rei uiſæ, niſi per formã extenſam à ſuperficie rei uiſę ad
              <lb/>
            uiſum per corpus diaphanũ mediũ inter uiſum & rem uiſam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s949" xml:space="preserve"> & quòd uiſus nihil cõprehendit ex for
              <lb/>
            mis, niſi ex uerticationibus linearũ rectarũ, quæ intelliguntur extenſæ inter rem uiſam & centrũ ui-
              <lb/>
            ſus tantùm, quę ſunt perpendiculares ſuper omnes ſuperficies tunicarũ uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s950" xml:space="preserve"> Et hoc eſt quod uolui
              <lb/>
            mus declarare.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s951" xml:space="preserve"> Iſta eſt ergo qualitas uiſionis generaliter, quòd uiſus nõ cõprehendit ex re uiſa, ſenſu
              <lb/>
            ſpoliato, niſi lucẽ & colorẽ, quę ſunt in re uiſa, tantũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s952" xml:space="preserve"> Res aũt reſiduę, quas cõprehẽdit uiſus ex rebus
              <lb/>
            uiſis, ſicut figurã, & magnitudinẽ, & ſimilia, nõ cõprehenduntur à uiſu, ſenſu ſpoliato, ſed per rationẽ
              <lb/>
            & ſigna.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s953" xml:space="preserve"> Et hoc declarabimus nos pòſt in ſecundo tractatu poſt declarationẽ completam apud ſer-
              <lb/>
            monem noſtrum de diſtinctione rerum uiſibilium, quas comprehendit uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s954" xml:space="preserve"> Et hoc, quod declara-
              <lb/>
            uimus ſcilicet qualitatem uiſionis, eſt conueniens opinioni uerificantium matheſin & naturam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s955" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div34" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head53" xml:space="preserve" style="it">24. Viſio uidetur fieri per σ {υν}{άν}γ{δι}αμ, id eſt receptos ſimul & emiſſos radios.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s956" xml:space="preserve">ET declaratũ eſt ex hoc, quòd duæ ſectæ dicant uerũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s957" xml:space="preserve"> & quòd duæ opiniones ſint rectæ & cõue
              <lb/>
            nιentes:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s958" xml:space="preserve"> ſed non completur altera earũ, niſi per alterã, neq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s959" xml:space="preserve"> poteſt eſſe uiſio, niſi per illud, quod
              <lb/>
            aggregatur ex duabus ſectis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s960" xml:space="preserve"> Senſus ergo nõ eſt, niſi ex forma & ex operatiõe formę in uiſum,
              <lb/>
            & ex paſsione uiſus à forma:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s961" xml:space="preserve"> & uiſus eſt paratus ad patiendũ ex iſta forma ſecundũ ſitum proprium,
              <lb/>
            ſcilicet ſitum uerticationũ perpendiculariũ ſuper ſuam ſuperficiem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s962" xml:space="preserve"> Natura aũt uiſus non congruit
              <lb/>
            iſti proprietati, niſi quia nõ diſtinguuntur uiſibilia, neq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s963" xml:space="preserve"> ordinantur partes cuiuslibet eorũ apud ui-
              <lb/>
            ſum, niſi quãdo ſenſus eius fuerit ex uerticationibus iſtis tãtùm.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s964" xml:space="preserve"> Lineæ ergo radiales ſunt lineæ ima
              <lb/>
            ginabiles, & figuratur per eas qualitas ſitus, ſuper quã patitur uiſus ex forma.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s965" xml:space="preserve"> Et iam declaratum eſt
              <lb/>
            [19 n] quòd quando uiſus oppoſitus fuerit rei uiſæ, figurabitur inter rem uiſam & centrũ uiſus pyra
              <lb/>
            mis, cuius uertex erit centrũ uiſus, & baſis eius ſuperficies rei uiſæ, & erit inter quodlibet punctũ ſu
              <lb/>
            perficiei rei uiſæ, & inter centrũ uiſus linea recta, intellecta perpendiculariter ſuper ſuperficies tuni
              <lb/>
            carũ uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s966" xml:space="preserve"> & ſic pyramis cõtinebit omnes iſtas lineas, & ſuperficies glacialis ſecabit iſtã pyramidẽ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s967" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            quoniã centrũ uiſus, quod eſt uertex pyramidis, eſt à poſteriori ſuperficiei glacialis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s968" xml:space="preserve"> Et cũ aer, qui eſt
              <lb/>
            inter uiſum & rem uiſam, fuerit continuus, erit forma extenſa ab illa re uiſa ſecundũ uerticationẽ il-
              <lb/>
            lius pyramidis in aere, quã diſtinguit ipſa pyramis, & in tunicis uiſus diaphanis uſq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s969" xml:space="preserve"> ad partẽ ſuperfi
              <lb/>
            ciei glacialis, quę diſtinguitur per iſtã pyramidẽ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s970" xml:space="preserve"> & iſta pyramis cõtinebit omnes uerticationes, quę
              <lb/>
            ſunt inter uiſum & rem uiſam, ex quib cõprehendit uiſus formã rei uiſę:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s971" xml:space="preserve"> & erit forma ordinata, ſicut
              <lb/>
            eſt ordinata in ſuperficie rei uiſæ, & in parte iſta ſuperficiei glacialis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s972" xml:space="preserve"> & ιam declaratũ eſt, [16 n] quòd
              <lb/>
            ſenſus nõ eſt, niſi per glacialẽ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s973" xml:space="preserve"> Senſus ergo uiſus ex luce & colore, quę ſunt in ſuperficie rei uiſæ, non
              <lb/>
            eſt niſi ex parte glacialis, quam diſtinguit pyramis figurata inter illam rem uiſam & centrum uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s974" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div35" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head54" xml:space="preserve" style="it">25. Viſio perſicitur, cŭ forma uiſibilis cryſtallino humore recepta, in neruũ opticum
            <lb/>
          peruenerit. 20 p 3.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s975" xml:space="preserve">ET iam declaratũ eſt, [4 n] quòd in iſto humore eſt aliquãtula diaphanitas, & aliquantula ſpiſsi
              <lb/>
            tudo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s976" xml:space="preserve"> & propter hoc aſsimιlatur glaciei.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s977" xml:space="preserve"> Quia ergo in eo eſt aliquantulũ diaphanitatis, recipit
              <lb/>
            formas:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s978" xml:space="preserve"> & hæ pertranſeũt in eo, cũ eo, quod eſt ex eo de diaphanitate:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s979" xml:space="preserve"> & quia in eo eſt aliquan-
              <lb/>
            tulum ſpiſsitudinis, prohibet form as à trãſitu in eo, cũ eo, quod eſt ex eo de ſpiſsitudine:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s980" xml:space="preserve"> & figuntur
              <lb/>
            formæ in eius ſuperficie & corpore, ſed debiliter.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s981" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſimiliter eſt quodlibet corpus diaphanũ, in quo
              <lb/>
            eſt aliquid ſpiſsitudinis, quando ſuper ipſum oritur lux, pertranſibit in eo ſecundũ quod eſt in eo de
              <lb/>
            diaphanitate, & figetur lux in ſuperficie eius ſecundũ id, quod eſt in eo de ſpiſsitudine.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s982" xml:space="preserve"> Et etiã glacia
              <lb/>
            lis eſt præparatus ad recipiendũ ιſtas formas, & ad ſentiendũipſas.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s983" xml:space="preserve"> Formæ ergo pertŕanſeunt in eo
              <lb/>
            propter uirtutẽ ſenſibilem recipientem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s984" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum forma peruenerit in ſuperficiem glacialis, operatur
              <lb/>
            in ea, & glacialis patitur ex ea:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s985" xml:space="preserve"> quoniã ex proprietate lucis eſt, ut operetur in uiſum, & ex proprieta-
              <lb/>
            te uiſus, ut patiatur à luce.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s986" xml:space="preserve"> Et iſta operatio, quam operatur lux in glaciali, pertranſit corpus glacialis
              <lb/>
            ſecundum rectitudinem linearũ radialium tantùm:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s987" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam glacialis eſt præparatus ad recipiendũ
              <lb/>
            formas lucis ex uerticationibus linearum radialiũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s988" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum lux pertranſit in corpus glacialis, color
              <lb/>
            pertranſit cum ea:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s989" xml:space="preserve"> color enim eſt permixtus luci, & glacialis recipit iſtam operationẽ, & iſtum per-
              <lb/>
            tranſitum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s990" xml:space="preserve"> & ex iſta operatione & paſsione erit ſenſus glacialis ex formis rerum uiſibiliũ, quæ ſunt
              <lb/>
            in ſuperficie ſua, & pertranſeunt per totum ſuum corpus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s991" xml:space="preserve"> & ex ordinatione partium formæ in ſua ſu
              <lb/>
            perſicie & ſuo toto corpore, erit ſen ſus eius ex ordinatione partium operantis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s992" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div36" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head55" xml:space="preserve" style="it">26. Viſio eſt ex eorum numero, quæ dolorem faciunt. 16 p 3.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s993" xml:space="preserve">ET iſta operatio, quã operatur lux in glacialem, eſt ex genere doloris, cum quidam dolores ſint
              <lb/>
            paſsibiles, & nõ læ ditur membrũ propter eos:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s994" xml:space="preserve"> & tales dolores nõ manifeſtantur ſenſui, neq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s995" xml:space="preserve"> iu
              <lb/>
            dicat dolens, quòd ſit dolor.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s996" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſignificatio ſuper hoc eſt, quòd lux inducit dolorẽ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s997" xml:space="preserve"> quιa luces
              <lb/>
            fortes offendũt uiſum, & lædunt manifeſtè, ſicut lux ſolis, quando aſpiciẽs aſpexerit corpus ipſius,
              <lb/>
            & ſicut lux ſolis reflexa à corporibus terſis ad uiſum, quoniã iſtæ luces inducũt dolores manifeſtos
              <lb/>
            in uiſũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s998" xml:space="preserve"> Et operatio omnis lucis in uiſum eſt ex eode
              <unsure/>
            genere, & nõ diuerſificatur, niſi ſecundũ magis
              <lb/>
            </s>
          </p>
        </div>
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    </echo>
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