Foscarini, Paolo Antonio, An epistle to fantoni, 1661

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              <s>
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              of Nature ought to be perpetual) may be ſaid to be immutable
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              and immoveable, and the Heavens themſelves to be immovea­
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              bly moved, and Terrene things to be immutably changed, be­
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              cauſe thoſe never ceaſe moving, nor theſe changing. </s>
              <s>By this Prin­
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              ciple or Maxime all difficulties belonging to the firſt Claſſis are
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              cleared, by which the Earth is ſaid to be ſtable and immoveable,
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              that is, by underſtanding this one thing, That the Earth, as to its
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              own Nature, though it include in it ſelf a local Motion, and that
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              threefold, according to the opinion of
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              Copernicus (ſcilicet
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              Diur­
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              nal, with which it revolveth about its own Centre; Annual,
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              by which it moveth through the twelve Signes of the Zodiack,
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              and the motion of Inclination, by which its Axis is alwayes op­
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              poſed to the ſame part of the World) as alſo other Species of
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              Mutation, ſuch as Generation and Corruption, Accretion and
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              Diminution, and Alteration of divers kinds; yet in all theſe ſhe
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              is ſtable & conſtant, never deviating from that Order which God
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              hath appointed her, but moveth continually, conſtantly and im­
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              mutably, according to the ſix before named Species of Motion.</s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s>
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Several Motions
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              of the Earth ac­
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              cording to
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              Coper­
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              nicus.</s>
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              <s>My third Maxime ſhall be this; When a thing is moved ac­
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              cording to ſome part of it, and not according to its whole, it
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              cannot be ſaid to be
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              ſimply & abſolutely
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              moved, but only
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              per acci­
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              dens,
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              for that ſtability taken ſimply & abſolutly do rather accord
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              with the ſame. </s>
              <s>As for example, if a Barrel or other meaſure of
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              Water be taken out of the Sea, and transferred to another place,
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              the Sea may not therefore
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              abſolutely & ſimply
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              be ſaid to be remo­
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              ved from place to place; but only
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              per accidens,
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              and
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              ſecundum
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              quid,
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              that is, according to a part of it, but rather (to ſpeak ſim­
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              ply) we ſhould ſay that the Sea cannot be carried or moved out of
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              its proper place,, though as to its parts it be moved, and transfer­
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              red to & again. </s>
              <s>This Maxime is manifeſt of it ſelf, and by it may
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              the Authorities be explained which ſeem to make for the immo­
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              bility of the Earth in this manner; namely, The Earth
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              per ſe &
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              abſolutè
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              conſidered as to its
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              Whole,
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              is not mutable, ſeeing it is
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              neither generated nor corrupted neither increaſed nor diminiſhed;
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              neither is it altered
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              ſecundum totum,
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              but only
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              ſecundum partes.
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              Now it plainly appears, that this is the genuine and true Senſe of
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              what is aſcribed to it out of
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              Eccleſiaſtes, cap. 1. v. </s>
              <s>4. One Generation
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              paſſeth away, and another Generation cometh, but the Earth abideth
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              for ever
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              : as if he ſhould ſay; although the Earth, according to its
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              parts, doth generate and corrupt, and is liable to the viciſſitudes of
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              Generation and corruption, yet in reference to its Whole it never
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              generateth nor Corrupteth, but abideth immutable for ever:
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              Like as a Ship, which though it be mended one while in the Sail­
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              yard, another while in the Stern, and afterwards in other parts
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              it yet remains the ſame Ship as it was at firſt. </s>
              <s>But tis to be </s>
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