Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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              <s>
                <pb pagenum="174"/>
              again turns the toothed wheel of the upper small axle and thus the drum to
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              which the clamps are fixed. </s>
              <s>In this way the chain, together with the empty
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              dippers, is slowly let down, close to the footwall side of the vein, into the sump
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              to the bottom of the balance drum, which turns on a little iron axle, both ends
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              of which are set in a thick iron bearing. </s>
              <s>The chain is rolled round the drum
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              and the dippers fill with water; the chain being drawn up close to the hanging­
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              wall side, carries the dippers filled with water above the drum of the upper
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              axle. </s>
              <s>Thus there are always three of the dippers inverted and pouring
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              water into a lip, from which it flows away into the drain of the tunnel. </s>
              <s>This
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              machine is less useful, because it cannot be constructed without great expense,
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              and it carries off but little water and is somewhat slow, as also are other
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              machines which possess a great number of drums.</s>
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            <figure number="97"/>
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              <s>A—WHEEL WHICH IS TURNED BY TREADING. B—AXLE. C—DOUBLE CHAIN. D—LINK
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              OF DOUBLE CHAIN. E—DIPPERS. F—SIMPLE CLAMPS. G—CLAMP WITH TRIPLE CURVES.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The next machine of this kind, described in a few words by Vitruvius,
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              14
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              more rapidly brings up dippers, holding a
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              congius;
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              for this reason, it is </s>
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