Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
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        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.009715">
                <pb pagenum="564" xlink:href="016/01/213.jpg"/>
              eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009716">Quamobrem vbi paululum impetus re­
                <lb/>
              ſederit, philoſophia te munias, obduraque
                <lb/>
              aduerſus dolores illius præceptis. </s>
              <s id="s.009717">Sed illico
                <lb/>
              hæc meditari à dolore, neque facilè, neque
                <lb/>
              tutum eſt: </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009718">
                <margin.target id="marg1359"/>
              Luctus
                <lb/>
              gentilibus
                <lb/>
              præferendi
                <lb/>
              varietas.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009719">
                <margin.target id="marg1360"/>
              Lachrymæ &
                <lb/>
              ſuſpitia cur
                <lb/>
              dolorem le­
                <lb/>
              niant.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009720">
                <margin.target id="marg1361"/>
              Tria qua li­
                <lb/>
              berant homi­
                <lb/>
              nem in luctu
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              conſtitutum ­
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              à periculo.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.009721">Mors repen
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              tina ob lu­
                <lb/>
              ctum ſiccum.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.009722">Damna cohi­
                <lb/>
              biti luctus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.009723">Sed dices, cur ſi communia ſunt genera­
                <lb/>
              lia hominum inſtituta, linguæ tamen di­
                <lb/>
              uerſæ ſunt, & varia loquendi genera? </s>
              <s id="s.009724">Id con­
                <lb/>
              tingit ex locorum natura, quum Itali vix pe­
                <lb/>
              ctore vocem poſſint edere, Hebræi facilli­
                <lb/>
              mè, nec niſi fermè cum quodam ſonitu loqui
                <lb/>
              poſſunt, inde tranſlatæ voces, quum non
                <lb/>
              propriam aſſequuntur pronunciationem,
                <expan abbr="de-generãt">de­
                  <lb/>
                generant</expan>
              . </s>
              <s id="s.009725">Sed & vulgus dum ſine cura profert
                <lb/>
              illas, vitiat & adulterat: vnde linguarum va­
                <lb/>
              rietas à plebe ſemper ducit originem, vin­
                <lb/>
              cente multitudine. </s>
              <s id="s.009726">Inde in nundinis miſta
                <lb/>
              colluuie gentium, variarumque linguarum,
                <lb/>
              perpetuò alia nomina ſurgunt, quibus naſ­
                <lb/>
              centibus velut etiam hominibus, neceſſe eſt
                <lb/>
              illa, quæ horum loco ſtabant interire. </s>
              <s id="s.009727">Vtili­
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              tas verò quæ ex varietate linguarum habe­
                <lb/>
              tur, eſt vt omnes animi affectus poſſint ex­
                <lb/>
              plicari. </s>
              <s id="s.009728">Cuius rei indicium eſt, quòd neque
                <lb/>
              Homeri ſententiam Latinè, aut materna no­
                <lb/>
              ſtra lingua expreſſeris, nec Virgilij Græcè,
                <lb/>
              aut materna lingua, multò minus Franciſci
                <lb/>
              Petrarchæ ſenſus carminibus materna lin­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1362"/>
                <lb/>
              gua editos Latinè Gręcéve. </s>
              <s id="s.009729">Vt verò hæc vti­
                <lb/>
              litas varietatis linguarum, ſic commercia ſi­
                <lb/>
              militudinis. </s>
              <s id="s.009730">Apud pleraſque tamen gentes
                <lb/>
              commerciorum cauſa tum originis duplex
                <lb/>
              lingua in vſu fuit: tum verò quæ plebem à
                <lb/>
              patritiis diſtingueret, velut apud Romanos,
                <lb/>
              vel Ciceronis teſtimonio. </s>
              <s id="s.009731">Vnde quæſtio illa
                <lb/>
              diſcuſſa, an materna lingua ſcripſerint Cice­
                <lb/>
              ro, Liuius, Saluſtiuſque. </s>
              <s id="s.009732">Certum eſt aliam
                <lb/>
              fuiſſe linguam politiorem quàm plebis, non
                <lb/>
              tamen adeò differentem à materna, vt noſtra
                <lb/>
              à Latina. </s>
              <s id="s.009733">Id etiam clarè perſpicies ſi oratio­
                <lb/>
              nem Vitruuij, qui vir plebeius erat, orationi
                <lb/>
              Ciceronis viri conſularis conferes. </s>
              <s id="s.009734">Sic nunc
                <lb/>
              Græci habent vulgarem, & pertritam aliam
                <lb/>
              ab ea in qua libri tot celebres antiquorum
                <lb/>
              Græcorum habentur. </s>
              <s id="s.009735">Et Turcæ propria pro
                <lb/>
              vulgari, Patritij Illyrica loquuntur, eruditi
                <lb/>
              Arabica aſcribunt, atque interpretantur. </s>
              <s id="s.009736">Iu­
                <lb/>
              dæi quoque regionis quam incolunt
                <expan abbr="linguã">linguam</expan>
                <lb/>
              habent, & propriam, quæ Hebræa eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009737">Nos
                <lb/>
              etiam Italicam habemus à Latina
                <expan abbr="diſtinctã">diſtinctam</expan>
              ,
                <lb/>
              aliamque politiorem, quàm Thuſcam, ſeu
                <lb/>
              Hetruſcam appellamus: adeò vt non iam
                <lb/>
              duas, ſed tres linguas ſingulæ nationes ha­
                <lb/>
              beant. </s>
              <s id="s.009738">Nam & Romani (vt dixi) loco popu­
                <lb/>
              laris, & patritiæ, quæ illis erat qualis nobis
                <lb/>
              Hetruſca, Græcam habebant loco noſtræ
                <lb/>
              Latinæ linguæ. </s>
              <s id="s.009739">Græci quoque antiqui ha­
                <lb/>
              buerunt popularem, & expolitam linguam:
                <lb/>
              pro exotica aliud genus erat linguæ, quod fa­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1363"/>
                <lb/>
              cilè qui
                <expan abbr="eorũ">eorum</expan>
              poëmata leget, percipiet. </s>
              <s id="s.009740">Afri
                <lb/>
              quoque triplicem habent linguam: nam prę­
                <lb/>
              ter expolitam, & popularem eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009741">Africana
                <lb/>
              propria, in qua plurimos libros è Latina
                <lb/>
              conuerſos, qui à Latinis deſiderantur, ſupe­
                <lb/>
              reſſe affirmat Ioannes Leo Africanam, nunc
                <lb/>
              dico non propriam rurſus, ſed Arabicam.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.009742">Nam conſtat libros Galeni plurimos, tum
                <lb/>
              cæterorum in Arabicam linguam tranſlatos
                <lb/>
              eſſe, quibus nos caremus. </s>
              <s id="s.009743">Et horum etiam
                <lb/>
              pars aſque Græco exemplari apud nos eſt,
                <lb/>
              quamvis perexigua. </s>
              <s id="s.009744">Multa perierunt incu­
                <lb/>
              ria, alia ſeruantur etiam abditis in locis. </s>
              <s id="s.009745">Re­
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              fert Munſterus, in Fuldæ ciuitatis Germaniæ
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1364"/>
                <lb/>
              cœnobio, quod templo adiacet principali, in
                <lb/>
              quo beatus Bonifacius, qui Germanos ad
                <lb/>
              Chriſti fidem vertit, ſitus eſt, bibliothe­
                <lb/>
              cam eſſe à Carolo Magno annis iam ſeptin­
                <lb/>
              gentis inſtructam omni librorum genere, at­
                <lb/>
              que adhuc extare. </s>
              <s id="s.009746">Ita latent vndique monu­
                <lb/>
              menta magnorum virorum, linguiſque ſer­
                <lb/>
              uantur, modò non indigenarum, modò ne­
                <lb/>
              que propriis. </s>
              <s id="s.009747">Eſt enim Germanis idem tri­
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              plex vſus linguarum qui omnibus aliis. </s>
              <s id="s.009748">Nec
                <lb/>
              ſolùm legendi, ſcribendique notis, ac loquen­
                <lb/>
              di differunt gentes, ſed & ſcribendi modis.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1365"/>
                <lb/>
              Nam Latini à dextra in ſiniſtram, Hebræi à
                <lb/>
              ſiniſtra tendunt ſcribentes in dextram. </s>
              <s id="s.009749">Indi
                <lb/>
              Cambaienſes à ſurſum deorſum. </s>
              <s id="s.009750">Neque alij
                <lb/>
              poſſunt excogitari ſcribendi modi, niſi ſi
                <lb/>
              quis etiam tranſuerſim velit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009751">
                <margin.target id="marg1362"/>
              Romani du­
                <lb/>
              plici lingua
                <lb/>
              vtebantur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009752">
                <margin.target id="marg1363"/>
              Libri in lin­
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              gua Africa­
                <lb/>
              na, ex Lati­
                <lb/>
              no verſi, qui
                <lb/>
              apud nos de­
                <lb/>
              ſiderantur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009753">
                <margin.target id="marg1364"/>
              Bibliotheca
                <lb/>
              maxima.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009754">
                <margin.target id="marg1365"/>
              Scribendi
                <lb/>
              tres modi.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.009755">Difficillimum verò eſt, ex omnibus homi­
                <lb/>
              num actionibus, duobus ſimul motibus con­
                <lb/>
              trariis manere: velut manum eleuando pe­
                <lb/>
              dem demittere: ſpiritum ore exſufflare, nari­
                <lb/>
              bus attrahere: quòd Moſchouitæ tubicines
                <lb/>
              facere ſolent: vt alterum cithariſtæ, vtrunque
                <lb/>
              vſu conſtat: & vt hoc vltimum admiratione
                <lb/>
              dignum, tibicinem videre perpetuò buccas
                <lb/>
              inflantem, ita illud vtiliſſimum: quòd eò
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1366"/>
                <lb/>
              traduci poteſt, vt ad diuinationem, &
                <expan abbr="lucrũ">lucrum</expan>
                <lb/>
              maximum conducat. </s>
              <s id="s.009756">Mutilos hos ſolemus
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              vocare, cæci, ſurdi, ſtrabi, claudi, ſex digiti, ta­
                <lb/>
              liaque monſtra naturæ, quæ moribus prauis
                <lb/>
              prædita ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.009757">Facillimè negotium abſoluunt
                <lb/>
              Aſtronomi, maleficas dominari dicentes, à
                <lb/>
              quibus flagitiorum colluuies ortum habet.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.009758">Nos dicemus aberraſſe naturam in faciliori­
                <lb/>
              bus, ob id verius in difficillimis defeciſſe:
                <lb/>
              itaque vt omnes mutili improbi ſunt, ita
                <lb/>
              non omnes, qui corpore ſunt non vitiati in­
                <lb/>
              tegris ſunt moribus: nam plus exigitur ad
                <lb/>
              formandum,
                <expan abbr="abſq;">abſque</expan>
              culpa animum quàm cor­
                <lb/>
              pus. </s>
              <s id="s.009759">Ergo peſſimi ſunt omnium gibbi, cùm
                <lb/>
              error ſit circa cor principium totius corporis
                <lb/>
              poſt cæci, ſtrabique quòd circa cerebrum na­
                <lb/>
              tura deliquerit. </s>
              <s id="s.009760">Inde muti, ſurdique nam in
                <lb/>
              minus nobili cerebri parte natura defecit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.009761">Inde claudi, hos ſequuntur qui in magno
                <lb/>
              membro ſunt vitiati, poſt quos ſex digni, &
                <lb/>
              qui digitos habent iunctos: nam in minus
                <lb/>
              neceſſariis aberravit. </s>
              <s id="s.009762">Vltimus locus eſt ver­
                <lb/>
              rucis, ac veſtigiis, quæ cicatrices æmulan­
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.009763">Sed verrucas extirpare licet oleo vitrioli
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1367"/>
                <lb/>
              etiam naturales. </s>
              <s id="s.009764">Sicut & glabrum locum
                <lb/>
              efficit, ſi ipſum primò oleo linias, pòſt
                <lb/>
              madefactum linteum lixiuio, in quo calx,
                <lb/>
              & auripigmentum incocta, & diſſoluta ſint:
                <lb/>
              poteſt enim hoc medicamentum radicitùs
                <lb/>
              pilos extirpare: & niſi oleo præuertas
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              vt
                <lb/>
              dixi) aut etiam diutius hæreat, medicamen­
                <lb/>
              tum excoriat. </s>
              <s id="s.009765">A qua etiam prima deſtillatio­
                <lb/>
              nis gypſi, & ſalis gemmæ idem facit, ſecun­
                <lb/>
              da acrior eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009766">Eodem modo variolarum ve­
                <lb/>
              ſtigia, & quæ lentibus ſimilia videntur,
                <lb/>
              acetum deſtillatum acerrimum tollit: opor­
                <lb/>
              tet autem ſequenti die aqua abluere locum
                <lb/>
              in qua furfur, & malua decocta ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.009767">Ve­
                <lb/>
              rùm poſtquàm in ornatus mentionem in
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1368"/>
                <lb/>
              cidi, de his quæ ad pulchritudinem faciunt
                <lb/>
              dicendum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009768">Tria verò ſunt illius capita, </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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