Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="175"/>
              more useful than the first one for drawing water out of shafts, into which
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              much water is continually flowing. </s>
              <s>This machine has no iron frame nor
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              drums, but has around its axle a wooden wheel which is turned by treading;
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              the axle, since it has no drum, does not last very long. </s>
              <s>In other respects
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              this pump resembles the first kind, except that it differs from it by having
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              a double chain. </s>
              <s>Clamps should be fixed to the axle of this machine, just as
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              to the drum of the other one; some of these are made simple and others
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              with triple curves, but each kind has four barbs.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The third machine, which far excels the two just described, is made
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              when a running stream can be diverted to a mine; the impetus of the
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              stream striking the paddles revolves a water-wheel in place of the wheel
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              turned by treading. </s>
              <s>With regard to the axle, it is like the second machine, </s>
            </p>
            <figure number="98"/>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>A—WHEEL WHOSE PADDLES ARE TURNED BY THE FORCE OF THE STREAM. B—AXLE.
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              C—DRUM OF AXLE, TO WHICH CLAMPS ARE FIXED. D—CHAIN. E—LINK. F—DIPPERS.
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              G—BALANCE DRUM.
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              but the drum which is round the axle, the chain, and the balance drum, are
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              like the first machine. </s>
              <s>It has much more capacious dippers than even the
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              second machine, but since the dippers are frequently broken, miners rarely
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              use these machines; for they prefer to lift out small quantities of water by
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              the first five machines or to draw it up by suction pumps, or, if there is </s>
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          </chap>
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