Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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<
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>THE
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ARCHITECTURE
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OF
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Leone Batiſta Alberti.
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<
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>BOOK VIII. CHAP. I.</
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Of the Ornaments of the great Ways eitherwithin or without the City, and of
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the proper Places for interring or burning the Bodies of the Dead.
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>We have formerly obſerved, that the
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Ornaments annexed to all Sorts of
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Buildings make an eſſential Part of
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Architecture, and it is manifeſt that
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every Kind of Ornament is not proper for every
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Kind of Structure. </
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<
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>Thus we are to endeavour,
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to the utmoſt of our Power, to make our ſacred
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Works, eſpecially if they are of a publick Na
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ture, as compleatly adorned as poſſible, as be
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ing intended for the Honour of the Gods;
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whereas profane Structures are deſigned en
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tirely for Men. </
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>The meaner therefore ought
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to yield to the more honourable; but yet they
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too may be embelliſhed with ſuch Ornaments
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as are ſuitable to them. </
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<
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>In what Manner ſacred
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Buildings of a publick Nature are to be adorn
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ed, we have ſhewn in the laſt Book: We now
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come to profane Structures, and to give an Ac
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count what Ornaments are proper to each diſ
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tinct Sort of them. </
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>And firſt I ſhall take No
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tice, that all Ways are publick Works, as being
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contrived for the Uſe of the Citizens, and the
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Convenience of Strangers: But as there are
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Travellers by Water as well as by Land, we
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ſhall ſay ſomething of both. </
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>And here it will
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be proper to call to Mind what has been ſaid
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elſewhere, that of Ways ſome are properly
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Highways, others in a Manner but private
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ones; as alſo, that there muſt be a Difference
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between the Ways within the City, and thoſe
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in the Country. </
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<
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>Highways in the Country re
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ceive their greateſt Beauty from the Country
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itſelf through which they lie, from its being
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rich, well cultivated, full of Houſes and Villa
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ges, affording delightful Proſpects, now of the
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Sea, now of a fine Hill, now a River, now a
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Spring, now a barren Spot and a Rock, now a
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fine Plain, Wood, or Valley; nor will it be a
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ſmall Addition to its Beauty, that it be not
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ſteep, broken by Precipices, or deep with Dirt;
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but clear, ſmooth, ſpacious and open on all
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Sides: and what Pains were not the Ancients
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at to obtain theſe Advantages? </
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<
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>I ſhall not
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waſte the Reader's Time to relate how they
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paved their Highways for above an hundred
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Miles round their Capital with extreme hard
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Stones, raiſing ſolid Cauſeways under them
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with huge Stones all the Way. </
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<
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Appian
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Way was paved from
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Rome
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quite to
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Brunduſium.
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In many Places along their Highways we ſee
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Rocks demoliſhed, Mountains levelled, Vallies
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raiſed, Hills cut through, with incredible Ex
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pence and miraculous Labour; Works of great
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Uſe and Glory. </
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<
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>Another great Embelliſhment
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to a Highway, is its furniſhing Travellers with
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frequent Occaſion of Diſcourſe, eſpecially upon
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notable Subjects. </
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<
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>A Friend or Companion that
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is not ſparing of his Speech, ſays
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Laberius,
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up
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on a Journey is as good as a Vehicle; and
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there is no doubt but Diſcourſe takes of much </
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