Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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Writing whatſoever; but the Manner of ex
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preſſing their Senſe which they uſed upon theſe
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Occaſions, by Symbols, they thought muſt al
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ways be underſtood by ingenious Men of all
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Nations, to whom alone they were of Opinion,
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that Things of Moment were fit to be commu
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nicated. </
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<
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>In Imitation of this Practice, various
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Symbols have been uſed upon Sepulchres. </
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<
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>Over
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the Grave of
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Diogenes
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the
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Cynic,
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was a Column
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with a Dog upon the Top of it, cut in
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Parian
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Marble.
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Cicero
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glories, that he who was of
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Arpinum,
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was the Diſcoverer at
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Syracuſe
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of
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Archimedes
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's Tomb, which was quite decayed
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and neglected, and all over-grown with Bram
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bles, and not known, even to the Inhabitants
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of the Place, and which he found out by a Cy
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linder and ſmall Sphere which he ſaw cut upon
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a high Column that ſtood over it. </
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<
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>On the
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Sepulchre of
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Symandes,
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King of
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Ægypt,
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the
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Figure of his Mother was cut out of a Piece of
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Marble twenty Cubits high, with three Royal
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Diadems upon her Head, denoting her to be
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the Daughter, Wife and Mother of a King.
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<
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>On the Tomb of
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Sardanapalus,
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King of the
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Aſſyrians,
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was a Statue which ſeemed to clap
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its Hands together by Way of Applauſe, with
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an Epitaph to this Effect:
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In one ſingle Day I
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built
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Tarſus
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and
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Archileum;
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but do you, Friend,
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eat, drink and be merry; for there is nothing elſe
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among Men that is worthy of this Applauſe.
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Such were the Inſcriptions and Symbols uſed
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in thoſe Nations. </
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<
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>But our
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Romans
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recorded
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the Exploits of their great Men, by carving
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their Story in Marble. </
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<
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>This gave riſe to Co
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lumns, Triumphal Arches, Porticoes enriched
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with memorable Events, preſerved both in
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Painting and Sculpture. </
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>But no Monument of
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this Nature ſhould be made, except for Acti
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ons that truly deſerve to be perpetuated. </
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<
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>But
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we have now dwelt long enough upon this
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Subject. </
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>We have ſpoken of the publick Ways
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by Land; and the ſame Ornaments will ſerve
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thoſe by Water: But as high Watch-towers
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belong to both, it is neceſſary here to ſay ſome
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thing of them.</
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<
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>CHAP. V.</
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Of Towers and their Ornaments.
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*</
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<
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>The greateſt Ornaments are lofty Tow
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ers placed in proper Situations, and built
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after handſome Deſigns: And when there are
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a good Number of them ſtrewed up and down
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the Country, they afford a moſt beautiful Pro
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ſpect: Not that I commend the Age about
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two hundred Years ago, when People ſeemed
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to be ſeized with a Kind of general Infection
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of building high Watch-towers, even in the
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meaneſt Villages, inſomuch that ſcarce a com
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mon Houſe-keeper thought he could not be
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without his Turret: By which means there
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aroſe a perfect Grove of Spires. </
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<
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>Some are of
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Opinion, that the Minds of Men take particu
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lar Turns, at certain Seaſons, by the Influence
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of ſome Planet. </
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<
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>Between three and four hun
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dred Years ſince the Zeal for Religion was ſo
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warm, that Men ſeemed born for no other Em
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ployment but to build Churches and Chapels;
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for, to omit other Inſtances, in the ſingle City
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of
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Rome
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at this Day, though above half thoſe
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ſacred Structures are now ruinate, we ſee above
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two thouſand five hundred Churches ſtill re
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maining. </
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<
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>And now again, what can be the
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Reaſon, that juſt at this Time all
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Italy
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ſhould
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be fired with a Kind of Emulation to put on
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quite a new Face? </
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<
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>How many Towns, which
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when we were Children, were built of nothing
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but Wood, are now lately ſtarted up all of
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Marble? </
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<
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>But to return to the Subject of Tow
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ers. </
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<
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>I ſhall not here ſtay to repeat what we
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read in
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Herodotus,
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that in the Middle of the
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Temple at
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Babylon
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there was a Tower, the
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Baſe whereof was a whole Furlong, or the
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eighth Part of a Mile, on every Side, and which
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conſiſted of eight Stories built one above an
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other; a Way of Building which I extremely
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commend in Towers, becauſe each Story grow
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ing leſs and leſs all the Way up, conduces both
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to Strength and Beauty, and by being well knit
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one into another, makes the whole Structure
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firm. </
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<
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>Towers are either ſquare or round, and
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in both theſe the Height muſt anſwer in a cer
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tain Proportion to the Breadth. </
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<
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>When they
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are deſigned to be very taper, ſquare ones
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ſhould be ſix Times as high as they are broad,
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and round ones ſhould have four Times the
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Height of their Diameter. </
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<
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>Thoſe which are
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intended to be very thick, ſhould have in
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Height, if ſquare, but four Times their Breadth,
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and if round, but three Diameters. </
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<
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>The Thick
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neſs of the Walls, if they are forty Cubits high,
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