Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000697">
                <pb pagenum="374" xlink:href="016/01/023.jpg"/>
              aëris attinet, palàm eſt illam eſſe frigidiſſi­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg54"/>
                <lb/>
              mam: quia (vt oſtendemus) omnia elemen­
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              ta talia ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000698">Nam quod de vaporibus dici­
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              tur, & vocata antiſpaſi, fabulæ ſimilius eſt,
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              quàm hiſtoriæ rei naturalis. </s>
              <s id="s.000699">Quamobrem ſi
                <lb/>
              ignis in concauo Lunæ ponatur, ac ocyſ
                <lb/>
              ſimè ibi circumuolui, erit hic frigidiſſimus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000700">Ergo nos illud oppugnamus, non experi­
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              mentum deſerimus. </s>
              <s id="s.000701">Quippe luce manifeſtius
                <lb/>
              eſt aërem illic eſſe frigidiſſimum, tum verò
                <lb/>
              magis eum qui in concauo Lunæ eſt: ſed
                <lb/>
              temperatur propinquitate ſyderum, & ma­
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              ximè Lunæ. </s>
              <s id="s.000702">Et quanquam Luna tantum vni
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              parti paruæ è directo ſit, quia tamen totum
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              miſcetur ſimul ac tenuiſſimæ eſt ſubſtantiæ,
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              ideo aër ille eſt temperatiſſimus, idem etiam
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              puriſſimus ac limpidiſſimus, ac totus ſynce­
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              rus: qua de cauſa æthera ipſum antiqui, & re­
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              ctè, imò & philoſophus ipſe quandoque ap­
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              pellauit. </s>
              <s id="s.000703">Congruit hic belliſſimè loco ac cœ­
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              li naturæ, vt qui tenuitate & qualitatis tem­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg55"/>
                <lb/>
              peramento fermè ſit ſimilis. </s>
              <s id="s.000704">Neque enim æ­
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              ther ideò temperatus eſt, quia æqualiter
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              commiſtus ex calido & frigido, ſed quia
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              vtriuſ que ſit expers qualitatis. </s>
              <s id="s.000705">Similiter nec
                <lb/>
              ſiccus dici poteſt, qui fluit: nec humidus,
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              quia non madefacit: ſed purus ( vt dixi ) ac
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              limpidus, atque hic ad generationem aptiſſi­
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              mus, de quo inferiùs dicemus.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg56"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000706">
                <margin.target id="marg54"/>
              1. Meteoro
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              rum c.4.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000707">
                <margin.target id="marg55"/>
              Æther quid
                <lb/>
              ſit, & vbi.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000708">
                <margin.target id="marg56"/>
              Aër frigidus
                <lb/>
              eſt natura,
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              non calidus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000709">Quòd verò aër calidiſſimus ſit, hoc nullum
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              experimentum dolet, nulla ratio cogit, imò
                <lb/>
              ſpontè quidem frigidiſſimus: atque hæc om­
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              nia experimentis quidem conſentiunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000710">Chi­
                <lb/>
              mærica illa Ariſtotelicorum, ne illum accu­
                <lb/>
              ſare videar,
                <expan abbr="cõmenta">commenta</expan>
              in inexplicabiles quæ­
                <lb/>
              ſtiones, quæ adhuc ſub iudice ſunt,
                <expan abbr="terminã-tur">terminan­
                  <lb/>
                tur</expan>
              . </s>
              <s id="s.000711">Itaque melius eſt paucis immutatis tue­
                <lb/>
              ri veritatem atque experimenta ipſa, quàm
                <lb/>
              in perpetuum cum illis nugantes de rerum
                <lb/>
              natura nihil ſcire. </s>
              <s id="s.000712">Quis enim niſi amens au­
                <lb/>
              diat diſſerentem atque affirmantem, aërem
                <lb/>
              eſſe calidum in extremo ac ſummo, deinde
                <lb/>
              ob ſolum motum, aut vapores abſque motu,
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              vt ſub ſeptentrione, adeò fieri frigidum, vt
                <lb/>
              glaciem, niuem ac grandinem gignat, nemo­
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              que citra Solis vim de aëris calore conque­
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              ſtus ſit, de frigore omnes quærantur, & ta­
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              men audeant aëri non aliam fermè quam
                <lb/>
              igni tribuere caliditatem. </s>
              <s id="s.000713">Cur ignis cùm te­
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              nuiore ſit ſubſtantia quàm aër, nunquam à
                <lb/>
              ſuo immenſo calore deſtituitur, aut illius na­
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              tura ac feruor miteſcit? </s>
              <s id="s.000714">non dicam vt frigi­
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              dus euadat. </s>
              <s id="s.000715">Quòd ſi dicant, aërem hunc non
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              eſſe aërem qui mouetur, aut qui vapores ex­
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              cipiat, impoſſibile enim eſt tanta facta tranſ­
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              mutatione ex calidiſſimo in frigidiſſimum,
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              vel Ariſtotele iudice, manere ſubſtantiam:
                <lb/>
              palàm eſt, cùm totus aër frigidus ſit, qui nos
                <lb/>
              ambit, aut ſaltem temperatus, vt qui iuxta
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              cœlum Lunæ ſitus eſt: nam vniuerſa aëris
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              moles vt ex æthereis flammis ſæpius depre­
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              henſum eſt, motus cœli in viginti quatuor
                <lb/>
              horis circumfertur, quod etiam admittit ipſe
                <lb/>
              Ariſtoteles vniuerſam aëris machinam hanc
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              frigidam eſſe, aut temperatam: quæ ſi non ſit
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              aër, alius nobis quærendus aër, forſan ſupra
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              cœlum, aut in imo terræ.
                <arrow.to.target n="marg57"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000716">
                <margin.target id="marg57"/>
              Elemento­
                <lb/>
              rum nume­
                <lb/>
              rus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000717">Tria igitur ſunt elementa: terra, quæ den­
                <lb/>
              ſiſſima eſt atque grauiſſima, in imoque poſi­
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              ta: aër, qui rariſſimus, leuiſſimus, in ſuprema
                <lb/>
              parte collocatur: & aqua, quæ medium in
                <lb/>
              omnibus his inter hæc poſſidet. </s>
              <s id="s.000718">Communia
                <lb/>
              omnibus ſunt, quòd expertia ſint innatæ ca­
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              liditatis, nullus enim calor niſi à cœlo, atque
                <lb/>
              ideo ab anima vel luce. </s>
              <s id="s.000719">Terra quòd nimis
                <lb/>
              craſſa, aër quòd nimis tenuis, minus frigida
                <arrow.to.target n="marg58"/>
                <lb/>
              eſſe videntur: ſed aqua cum media ſit ſub­
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              ſtantia, frigidiſſima apparet. </s>
              <s id="s.000720">Aër igitur cum
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              ingraueſcit, frigidior videtur. </s>
              <s id="s.000721">Sed ſi non af­
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              ficiatur, ob tenuitatem quaſi temperatus exi­
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              ſtimatur. </s>
              <s id="s.000722">Porrò frigida iam ſpontè cùm den­
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              ſantur, frigidiora fiunt, veluti glacies. </s>
              <s id="s.000723">Terra
                <lb/>
              autem ob raritatem calorem admittit,
                <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan>
                <lb/>
              ideò minus frigida eſſe creditur: ob id ſaxa
                <lb/>
              ſunt ipſa longè frigidiora. </s>
              <s id="s.000724">Aër autem ob lu­
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              cem quaſi temperatus, & ob raritatem faci­
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              lè mutatus, non ſolùm minimè frigidus, ſed
                <lb/>
              & calidus iudicatur, cum omnia elementa
                <lb/>
              ex æquo natura propria ſint frigidiſſima.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000725">Indicio ſunt regiones ſub Vrſa, & noctes &
                <lb/>
              montium cacumina: ſed & ratio id oſtendit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000726">Omnis enim calor ab aſtris eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000727">
                <expan abbr="Elemẽta">Elementa</expan>
              au­
                <lb/>
              tem
                <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan>
              pura ſint, caloris ab aſtris ſunt exper­
                <lb/>
              tia. </s>
              <s id="s.000728">Calor enim aſtrorum illicò mutat: &
                <lb/>
              quod mutatur, diſſimile eſt ei ex quo muta­
                <lb/>
              tum eſt: quare miſtum erit elementum ex
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              puro atque mutato, non autem ſimplex. </s>
              <s id="s.000729">Om­
                <lb/>
              nia igitur elementa ſunt frigidiſſima, id eſt,
                <lb/>
              caloris omnis expertia. </s>
              <s id="s.000730">Siquidem nihil aliud
                <lb/>
              eſt frigiditas, quam caloris priuatio. </s>
              <s id="s.000731">In hu­
                <lb/>
              mido etiam diſſident:
                <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan>
              terra eſt ſicciſſima,
                <lb/>
              vt aër humidiſſimus, & aqua in medio collo­
                <lb/>
              catur. </s>
              <s id="s.000732">Siccum dico humido priuatum, atque
                <lb/>
              ideo graue, quia
                <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>
              eſt extenſum. </s>
              <s id="s.000733">Cùm enim
                <lb/>
              materia prima ſeu hyle non extenditur, mul­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg59"/>
                <lb/>
              ta eſt, & ideo formæ multum & grauitatis.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000734">Ideò aqua media in omnibus etiam his eſt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000735">Conſtat igitur ex hoc ſydera omnia eſſe ca­
                <lb/>
              lida: nam ſi omnia ſydera habent lucem, om­
                <lb/>
              nia etiam miſcent. </s>
              <s id="s.000736">Elementa autem natura
                <lb/>
              ſua expertia ſunt omnis caloris ac lucis: ni­
                <lb/>
              hil autem minus eſſe poteſt eo quòd nihil
                <lb/>
              eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000737">Omnis igitur lux calida eſt & miſcet, &
                <lb/>
              omne aſtrum ob id calidum. </s>
              <s id="s.000738">Dicitur autem
                <lb/>
              Saturnus frigidus
                <expan abbr="tãtum">tantum</expan>
              comparatione, quia
                <lb/>
              non tantum miſcet vt generationem in ho­
                <lb/>
              noribus iuuet, ſed impedit, velut aqua tepida
                <lb/>
              feruenti miſta, minus efficit calidam. </s>
              <s id="s.000739">Ob id
                <lb/>
              ſatis magis
                <expan abbr="cõducit">conducit</expan>
              Saturnus quàm Iupiter,
                <lb/>
              quia ſata moderatiore calore
                <expan abbr="indigẽt">indigent</expan>
              , qualis
                <lb/>
              eſt in Saturno, non in Ioue. </s>
              <s id="s.000740">Non tamen mo­
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              deratus eſt pro hominum propagatione. </s>
              <s id="s.000741">Om­
                <lb/>
              nia igitur aſtra calida, omnia elementa fri­
                <lb/>
              gida. </s>
              <s id="s.000742">Rurſus cœlum
                <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan>
              calidum, neque fri­
                <lb/>
              gidum. </s>
              <s id="s.000743">Decipiuntur plurimi in elementis ob
                <lb/>
              calorem violentum, aut impreſſum. </s>
              <s id="s.000744">Nam ex
                <lb/>
              actione aſtrorum elementorum partes ad
                <lb/>
              miſtionem veniunt, fiuntque potentia tales,
                <lb/>
              vt piper
                <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>
              : ſed hoc non eſt
                <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>
              , ſed
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="miſtũ">miſtum</expan>
              . </s>
              <s id="s.000745">Ignis
                <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>
              qui
                <expan abbr="lapidũ">lapidum</expan>
              colliſione accen­
                <lb/>
              ditur, eſt caliditas
                <expan abbr="aſtrorũ">aſtrorum</expan>
              in corpore rarefa­
                <lb/>
              cto. </s>
              <s id="s.000746">Violenta igitur caliditate miſta profundi
                <lb/>
              poſſunt, alia corrupta, vt in putridis: alia po­
                <lb/>
              tentia, vt in ſatis & ſeminibus maximè: alia
                <lb/>
              impreſſa, vt in aëre æſtatis tempore: alia na­
                <lb/>
              turali, vt in animalibus. </s>
              <s id="s.000747">Manifeſtum eſt igi­
                <lb/>
              tur cur vita in montium iugis ſit perennis,
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg60"/>
                <lb/>
              ob puritatem aëris: non autem in Æthiopia,
                <lb/>
              ob calorem: neque in vallibus, quia aër ſim­
                <lb/>
              plex non eſt, ſed calidus ac miſtus eſſe poſſit. </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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