Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663
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              aëris attinet, palàm eſt illam eſſe frigidiſſi­
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              mam: quia (vt oſtendemus) omnia elemen­
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              ta talia ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000698">Nam quod de vaporibus dici­
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              tur, & vocata antiſpaſi, fabulæ ſimilius eſt,
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              quàm hiſtoriæ rei naturalis. </s>
              <s id="s.000699">Quamobrem ſi
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              ignis in concauo Lunæ ponatur, ac ocyſ
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              ſimè ibi circumuolui, erit hic frigidiſſimus.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000700">Ergo nos illud oppugnamus, non experi­
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              mentum deſerimus. </s>
              <s id="s.000701">Quippe luce manifeſtius
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              eſt aërem illic eſſe frigidiſſimum, tum verò
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              magis eum qui in concauo Lunæ eſt: ſed
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              temperatur propinquitate ſyderum, & ma­
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              ximè Lunæ. </s>
              <s id="s.000702">Et quanquam Luna tantum vni
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              parti paruæ è directo ſit, quia tamen totum
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              miſcetur ſimul ac tenuiſſimæ eſt ſubſtantiæ,
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              ideo aër ille eſt temperatiſſimus, idem etiam
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              puriſſimus ac limpidiſſimus, ac totus ſynce­
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              rus: qua de cauſa æthera ipſum antiqui, & re­
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              ctè, imò & philoſophus ipſe quandoque ap­
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              pellauit. </s>
              <s id="s.000703">Congruit hic belliſſimè loco ac cœ­
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              li naturæ, vt qui tenuitate & qualitatis tem­
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              peramento fermè ſit ſimilis. </s>
              <s id="s.000704">Neque enim æ­
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              ther ideò temperatus eſt, quia æqualiter
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              commiſtus ex calido & frigido, ſed quia
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              vtriuſ que ſit expers qualitatis. </s>
              <s id="s.000705">Similiter nec
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              ſiccus dici poteſt, qui fluit: nec humidus,
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              quia non madefacit: ſed purus ( vt dixi ) ac
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              limpidus, atque hic ad generationem aptiſſi­
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              mus, de quo inferiùs dicemus.
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              </s>
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              1. Meteoro
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              rum c.4.</s>
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              Æther quid
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              ſit, & vbi.</s>
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            <p type="margin">
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              Aër frigidus
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              eſt natura,
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              non calidus.</s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000709">Quòd verò aër calidiſſimus ſit, hoc nullum
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              experimentum dolet, nulla ratio cogit, imò
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              ſpontè quidem frigidiſſimus: atque hæc om­
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              nia experimentis quidem conſentiunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000710">Chi­
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              mærica illa Ariſtotelicorum, ne illum accu­
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              ſare videar,
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              in inexplicabiles quæ­
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              ſtiones, quæ adhuc ſub iudice ſunt,
                <expan abbr="terminã-tur">terminan­
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                tur</expan>
              . </s>
              <s id="s.000711">Itaque melius eſt paucis immutatis tue­
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              ri veritatem atque experimenta ipſa, quàm
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              in perpetuum cum illis nugantes de rerum
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              natura nihil ſcire. </s>
              <s id="s.000712">Quis enim niſi amens au­
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              diat diſſerentem atque affirmantem, aërem
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              eſſe calidum in extremo ac ſummo, deinde
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              ob ſolum motum, aut vapores abſque motu,
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              vt ſub ſeptentrione, adeò fieri frigidum, vt
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              glaciem, niuem ac grandinem gignat, nemo­
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              que citra Solis vim de aëris calore conque­
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              ſtus ſit, de frigore omnes quærantur, & ta­
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              men audeant aëri non aliam fermè quam
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              igni tribuere caliditatem. </s>
              <s id="s.000713">Cur ignis cùm te­
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              nuiore ſit ſubſtantia quàm aër, nunquam à
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              ſuo immenſo calore deſtituitur, aut illius na­
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              tura ac feruor miteſcit? </s>
              <s id="s.000714">non dicam vt frigi­
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              dus euadat. </s>
              <s id="s.000715">Quòd ſi dicant, aërem hunc non
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              eſſe aërem qui mouetur, aut qui vapores ex­
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              cipiat, impoſſibile enim eſt tanta facta tranſ­
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              mutatione ex calidiſſimo in frigidiſſimum,
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              vel Ariſtotele iudice, manere ſubſtantiam:
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              palàm eſt, cùm totus aër frigidus ſit, qui nos
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              ambit, aut ſaltem temperatus, vt qui iuxta
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              cœlum Lunæ ſitus eſt: nam vniuerſa aëris
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              moles vt ex æthereis flammis ſæpius depre­
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              henſum eſt, motus cœli in viginti quatuor
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              horis circumfertur, quod etiam admittit ipſe
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              Ariſtoteles vniuerſam aëris machinam hanc
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              frigidam eſſe, aut temperatam: quæ ſi non ſit
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              aër, alius nobis quærendus aër, forſan ſupra
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              cœlum, aut in imo terræ.
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              Elemento­
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              rum nume­
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              rus.</s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000717">Tria igitur ſunt elementa: terra, quæ den­
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              ſiſſima eſt atque grauiſſima, in imoque poſi­
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              ta: aër, qui rariſſimus, leuiſſimus, in ſuprema
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              parte collocatur: & aqua, quæ medium in
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              omnibus his inter hæc poſſidet. </s>
              <s id="s.000718">Communia
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              omnibus ſunt, quòd expertia ſint innatæ ca­
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              liditatis, nullus enim calor niſi à cœlo, atque
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              ideo ab anima vel luce. </s>
              <s id="s.000719">Terra quòd nimis
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              craſſa, aër quòd nimis tenuis, minus frigida
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              eſſe videntur: ſed aqua cum media ſit ſub­
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              ſtantia, frigidiſſima apparet. </s>
              <s id="s.000720">Aër igitur cum
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              ingraueſcit, frigidior videtur. </s>
              <s id="s.000721">Sed ſi non af­
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              ficiatur, ob tenuitatem quaſi temperatus exi­
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              ſtimatur. </s>
              <s id="s.000722">Porrò frigida iam ſpontè cùm den­
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              ſantur, frigidiora fiunt, veluti glacies. </s>
              <s id="s.000723">Terra
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              autem ob raritatem calorem admittit,
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              ideò minus frigida eſſe creditur: ob id ſaxa
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              ſunt ipſa longè frigidiora. </s>
              <s id="s.000724">Aër autem ob lu­
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              cem quaſi temperatus, & ob raritatem faci­
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              lè mutatus, non ſolùm minimè frigidus, ſed
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              & calidus iudicatur, cum omnia elementa
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              ex æquo natura propria ſint frigidiſſima.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000725">Indicio ſunt regiones ſub Vrſa, & noctes &
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              montium cacumina: ſed & ratio id oſtendit.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000726">Omnis enim calor ab aſtris eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000727">
                <expan abbr="Elemẽta">Elementa</expan>
              au­
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              tem
                <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan>
              pura ſint, caloris ab aſtris ſunt exper­
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              tia. </s>
              <s id="s.000728">Calor enim aſtrorum illicò mutat: &
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              quod mutatur, diſſimile eſt ei ex quo muta­
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              tum eſt: quare miſtum erit elementum ex
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              puro atque mutato, non autem ſimplex. </s>
              <s id="s.000729">Om­
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              nia igitur elementa ſunt frigidiſſima, id eſt,
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              caloris omnis expertia. </s>
              <s id="s.000730">Siquidem nihil aliud
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              eſt frigiditas, quam caloris priuatio. </s>
              <s id="s.000731">In hu­
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              mido etiam diſſident:
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              terra eſt ſicciſſima,
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              vt aër humidiſſimus, & aqua in medio collo­
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              catur. </s>
              <s id="s.000732">Siccum dico humido priuatum, atque
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              ideo graue, quia
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              eſt extenſum. </s>
              <s id="s.000733">Cùm enim
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              materia prima ſeu hyle non extenditur, mul­
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              ta eſt, & ideo formæ multum & grauitatis.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000734">Ideò aqua media in omnibus etiam his eſt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000735">Conſtat igitur ex hoc ſydera omnia eſſe ca­
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              lida: nam ſi omnia ſydera habent lucem, om­
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              nia etiam miſcent. </s>
              <s id="s.000736">Elementa autem natura
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              ſua expertia ſunt omnis caloris ac lucis: ni­
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              hil autem minus eſſe poteſt eo quòd nihil
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              eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000737">Omnis igitur lux calida eſt & miſcet, &
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              omne aſtrum ob id calidum. </s>
              <s id="s.000738">Dicitur autem
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              Saturnus frigidus
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              comparatione, quia
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              non tantum miſcet vt generationem in ho­
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              noribus iuuet, ſed impedit, velut aqua tepida
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              feruenti miſta, minus efficit calidam. </s>
              <s id="s.000739">Ob id
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              ſatis magis
                <expan abbr="cõducit">conducit</expan>
              Saturnus quàm Iupiter,
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              quia ſata moderatiore calore
                <expan abbr="indigẽt">indigent</expan>
              , qualis
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              eſt in Saturno, non in Ioue. </s>
              <s id="s.000740">Non tamen mo­
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              deratus eſt pro hominum propagatione. </s>
              <s id="s.000741">Om­
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              nia igitur aſtra calida, omnia elementa fri­
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              gida. </s>
              <s id="s.000742">Rurſus cœlum
                <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan>
              calidum, neque fri­
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              gidum. </s>
              <s id="s.000743">Decipiuntur plurimi in elementis ob
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              calorem violentum, aut impreſſum. </s>
              <s id="s.000744">Nam ex
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              actione aſtrorum elementorum partes ad
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              miſtionem veniunt, fiuntque potentia tales,
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              vt piper
                <expan abbr="calidũ">calidum</expan>
              : ſed hoc non eſt
                <expan abbr="elementũ">elementum</expan>
              , ſed
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                <expan abbr="miſtũ">miſtum</expan>
              . </s>
              <s id="s.000745">Ignis
                <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>
              qui
                <expan abbr="lapidũ">lapidum</expan>
              colliſione accen­
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              ditur, eſt caliditas
                <expan abbr="aſtrorũ">aſtrorum</expan>
              in corpore rarefa­
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              cto. </s>
              <s id="s.000746">Violenta igitur caliditate miſta profundi
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              poſſunt, alia corrupta, vt in putridis: alia po­
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              tentia, vt in ſatis & ſeminibus maximè: alia
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              impreſſa, vt in aëre æſtatis tempore: alia na­
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              turali, vt in animalibus. </s>
              <s id="s.000747">Manifeſtum eſt igi­
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              tur cur vita in montium iugis ſit perennis,
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              ob puritatem aëris: non autem in Æthiopia,
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              ob calorem: neque in vallibus, quia aër ſim­
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              plex non eſt, ſed calidus ac miſtus eſſe poſſit. </s>
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