Agricola, Georgius
,
De re metallica
,
1912/1950
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shaft, which slopes and twists like a screw and gradually descends. </
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<
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>The
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lowest of these machines is set in a deep place, which is distant from the
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surface of the ground 660 feet.</
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>The fourth species of pump belongs to the same genera, and is made
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as follows. </
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>Two timbers are erected, and in openings in them, the ends of a
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barrel revolve. </
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>Two or four strong men turn the barrel, that is to say, one
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or two pull the cranks, and one or two push them, and in this way help the
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others; alternately another two or four men take their place. </
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>The barrel
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of this machine, just like the horizontal axle of the other machines, has a
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drum whose iron clamps catch the links of a drawing-chain. </
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>Thus water
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is drawn through the pipes by the balls from a depth of forty-eight feet.
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>Human strength cannot draw water higher than this, because such very
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heavy labour exhausts not only men, but even horses; only water-power
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can drive continuously a drum of this kind. </
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>Several pumps of this kind, as
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of the last, are often built for the purpose of mining on a single vein,
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but they are arranged differently for different positions and depths.</
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>A—AXLES. B—LEVERS. C—TOOTHED DRUM. D—DRUM MADE OF RUNDLES.
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E—DRUM IN WHICH IRON CLAMPS ARE FIXED.</
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