Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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            <p type="caption">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="195"/>
              shaft, which slopes and twists like a screw and gradually descends. </s>
              <s>The
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              lowest of these machines is set in a deep place, which is distant from the
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              surface of the ground 660 feet.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The fourth species of pump belongs to the same genera, and is made
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              as follows. </s>
              <s>Two timbers are erected, and in openings in them, the ends of a
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              barrel revolve. </s>
              <s>Two or four strong men turn the barrel, that is to say, one
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              or two pull the cranks, and one or two push them, and in this way help the
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              others; alternately another two or four men take their place. </s>
              <s>The barrel
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              of this machine, just like the horizontal axle of the other machines, has a
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              drum whose iron clamps catch the links of a drawing-chain. </s>
              <s>Thus water
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              is drawn through the pipes by the balls from a depth of forty-eight feet.
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              </s>
              <s>Human strength cannot draw water higher than this, because such very
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              heavy labour exhausts not only men, but even horses; only water-power
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              can drive continuously a drum of this kind. </s>
              <s>Several pumps of this kind, as
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              of the last, are often built for the purpose of mining on a single vein,
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              but they are arranged differently for different positions and depths.</s>
            </p>
            <figure number="111"/>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>A—AXLES. B—LEVERS. C—TOOTHED DRUM. D—DRUM MADE OF RUNDLES.
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              E—DRUM IN WHICH IRON CLAMPS ARE FIXED.</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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