Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1125" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="18" file="0024" n="24" rhead="ALHAZEN"/>
            luces & colores tantùm.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1126" xml:space="preserve"> Iam ergo declaratũ eſt, quòd uiſus nõ tingitur ex coloribus & formis lucis
              <lb/>
            tinctura fixa:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1127" xml:space="preserve"> & declaratũ eſt, quòd formę lucis & coloris non admiſcẽtur in aere & corporibus dia-
              <lb/>
            phanis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1128" xml:space="preserve"> & quòd uiſus multi cõprehendunt ipſos in aere, & in eodem tempore, & quilibet eorũ com
              <lb/>
            prehendit ipſos ſecundum pyramidem, quæ diſtinguitur inter ipſos & centrum uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1129" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div41" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head60" xml:space="preserve" style="it">31. Colores uiſibilium in obiect is corporib{us} illuminantur, & obſcur antur præcipuè, pro lucis
            <lb/>
          qualitate & obiectorum corporum colorib{us}. Vide 3 n.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1130" xml:space="preserve">QVare uerò nõ appareant omnes formę omniũ corporũ uel colorũ ſuper omnia corpora op-
              <lb/>
            poſita, ſed quædam appareant, quædã non:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1131" xml:space="preserve"> nõ eſt:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1132" xml:space="preserve"> niſi quando color fuerit fortis, & lux, quæ
              <lb/>
            eſt in corpore, fuerit fortis, & lux, quę eſt in corpore, ſuper quod apparet forma coloris, debi
              <lb/>
            lis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1133" xml:space="preserve"> & hoc pertinet ad uiſum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1134" xml:space="preserve"> quoniã iſtę formę colorũ nõ oriuntur ſuper corpora oppoſita illis, niſi il
              <lb/>
            luminẽtur, ſed ſuper corpora illuminata cũ quolibet lumine:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1135" xml:space="preserve"> quoniã formę lucis & coloris eius ſem
              <lb/>
            per oriũtur ſuper omnia corpora oppoſita illis, quorũ remotio nõ eſt extranea, multa, fortis, lõga.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1136" xml:space="preserve"> In
              <lb/>
            lucibus uerò hoc manifeſtatur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1137" xml:space="preserve"> Quoniã, quãdo fuerit experimẽtatũ omne corpus illuminatũ quoli
              <lb/>
            bet lumine, ita quòd fuerit lux ualde debilis, & fuerit experimẽtatũ ſecũdũ modos, quos declaraui
              <lb/>
            mus, [2 n] ſcilicet, ut ſit poſitũ in ſua oppoſitione corpus albũ, & illud corpus ſit in loco obſcuro, &
              <lb/>
            fuerit inter corpus illuminatũ, & locũ illũ obſcurũ foramen ſtrictũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1138" xml:space="preserve"> inuenietur quòd ſuper illud cor
              <lb/>
            pus tũc apparebit lux, colores aũt nõ apparebũt, niſi ſecundũ modũ prędictũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1139" xml:space="preserve"> quoniã declaratũ eſt
              <lb/>
            per inductionẽ, quòd formæ colorũ ſemper ſunt debiliores ipſis coloribus, & quãtò formæ fuerint
              <lb/>
            remotiores à ſuo principio, tantò erũt debiliores.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1140" xml:space="preserve"> Et declaratũ eſt [2 n] per inductionẽ, quòd fortes
              <lb/>
            colores, quando fuerint in locis obſcuris, & fuerint luces, quæ ſunt ſuper ipſos, ualde debiles:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1141" xml:space="preserve"> iſti co
              <lb/>
            lores apparebunt obſcuri, & nõ diſtinguentur à uiſu:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1142" xml:space="preserve"> & quando fuerint in locis illuminatis, & fuerit
              <lb/>
            lux, quę eſt ſuper ipſos, fortis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1143" xml:space="preserve"> apparebunt colores, & diſtinguentur à uiſu.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1144" xml:space="preserve"> Et declaratũ eſt etiam per
              <lb/>
            inductionẽ, quòd, quando lux fortis fuerit ſuper formas colorũ apparentes ſuper corpora oppoſita
              <lb/>
            illis, latebunt uiſum, & nõ apparebunt, niſi quando lux fuerit remota.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1145" xml:space="preserve"> Et etiã declaratum eſt, quòd,
              <lb/>
            quãdo lux fuerit fortis, & peruenerit ad uiſum, prohibebit ipſum ab apprehenſione rerũ uiſarũ non
              <lb/>
            apparentium in ſe multùm, & oppoſitarum illi tunc.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1146" xml:space="preserve"> Et etiam declaratum eſt, [3 n] quòd uiſus non
              <lb/>
            comprehendit colores, niſi ex forma ueniente ad ipſum ex illo colore, & quòd comprehenſio ipſius
              <lb/>
            erit ſecundum uerticationes proprias.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1147" xml:space="preserve"> Quando ergo inſpiciens aſpexerit corpus denſum, ſuper
              <lb/>
            quod oriebatur forma coloris:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1148" xml:space="preserve"> non comprehendit illam formam, niſi ex ſecunda forma ueniente
              <lb/>
            ad ipſum ex illa forma:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1149" xml:space="preserve"> & iſta forma ſecunda eſt debilior forma prima, quæ eſt ſuper illud corpus,
              <lb/>
            & prima forma eſt debilior ipſo colore.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1150" xml:space="preserve"> Et uiſus non comprehendit illud corpus denſum, ſuper
              <lb/>
            quod apparet forma, niſi quando in eo apparuerit aliqua lux, ſiue lux ueniens cum forma coloris
              <lb/>
            ſuper ipſum orientis, ſiue illa lux cum alia.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1151" xml:space="preserve"> Forma ergo ſecunda, quæ uenit ad uiſum ex prima for-
              <lb/>
            ma coloris:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1152" xml:space="preserve"> uenit ad ipſum cum forma lucis, quæ eſt in illo corpore denſo, & color illius corporis
              <lb/>
            denſi, ſuper quod eſt iſta forma, comprehendetur à uiſu etiam in illa diſpoſitione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1153" xml:space="preserve"> Forma ergo co-
              <lb/>
            loris uenit ad uiſum cum forma ſecunda ueniente ad ipſum ex forma coloris, quæ eſt ſuper ipſum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1154" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            & forma coloris iſtius corporis, quæ uenit ad ipſum uiſum in illa diſpoſitione, eſt prima forma:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1155" xml:space="preserve"> ui-
              <lb/>
            ſus autem non comprehendit illud, quod comprehendit, niſi ex uerticationibus proprijs:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1156" xml:space="preserve"> & uerti-
              <lb/>
            catio propria, quæ eſt inter ipſum & corpus denſum, ſecundum quod comprehendit formam il-
              <lb/>
            lius corporis denſi, eſt eadem cum uerticatione ſua, ſecundum quam comprehendit formam ſe-
              <lb/>
            cundam uenientem ex forma coloris orientis ſuper illud corpus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1157" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam illa forma eſt in ſuper-
              <lb/>
            ficie illius corporis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1158" xml:space="preserve"> Viſus ergo cõprehendit ipſam ex uerticationibus, quæ ſunt inter ipſum & illud
              <lb/>
            corpus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1159" xml:space="preserve"> & ipſe comprehendit colorẽ ipſius ex uerticationibus, quę ſunt inter ipſum & illud corpus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1160" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Et ſimiliter comprehendit uiſus lucem, quæ eſt in illo corpore, ex illis eiſdem uerticationibus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1161" xml:space="preserve"> Tres
              <lb/>
            ergo formæ uenientes ex illo corpore ad uiſum, comprehenduntur à uiſu ex eadem uerticatione:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1162" xml:space="preserve"> &
              <lb/>
            quidem admixtæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1163" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſormæ ſecundæ, quæ ueniunt ad uiſum ex forma coloris, quæ eſt ſuper cor-
              <lb/>
            pus oppoſitum illi, comprehenduntur à uiſu ſemper admixtæ cum forma coloris illius corporis, &
              <lb/>
            cum forma lucis eius.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1164" xml:space="preserve"> Viſus ergo comprehendit ex congregatione duorum colorum formam diuer
              <lb/>
            ſam à forma cuiuslibet eorum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1165" xml:space="preserve"> Si ergo corpus, ſuper quod eſt forma, habuerit fortem colorem, e-
              <lb/>
            rit forma eius, quæ uenit ad uiſum, fortis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1166" xml:space="preserve"> & eſt prima forma, & eſt admixta cum ſecunda forma,
              <lb/>
            quæ uenit ad ipſum ex forma coloris uenientis ſuper illud corpus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1167" xml:space="preserve"> & iſta forma eſt debilis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1168" xml:space="preserve"> quare
              <lb/>
            nõ apparet uiſui.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1169" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam quando cum colore debili fuerit admixtus color fortis, ipſe ſcilicet color
              <lb/>
            fortis uincet debilem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1170" xml:space="preserve"> & ſimiliter inueniuntur ſemper colores & tincturæ, quando admiſcentur
              <lb/>
            inter ſe.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1171" xml:space="preserve"> Forma uerò coloris non latet, quando lux eſt ſuper ipſam fortis, & cum albedine corporis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1172" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Et iam declaratum eſt, [2 n] quòd lux fortis, quando uenit ad uiſum, prohibet uiſum à compre-
              <lb/>
            henſione formarum debilium.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1173" xml:space="preserve"> Quando ergo ueniet ad uiſum lux fortis cum albedine corporis, ſu-
              <lb/>
            per quod cadit, prohibet ipſum à comprehenſione ſecundæ formæ debilis, quæ uenit ad ipſum
              <lb/>
            cum ea:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1174" xml:space="preserve"> & ſi corpus, ſuper quod eſt forma coloris, fuerit album, & lux, quæ eſt ſuper ipſum, fuerit
              <lb/>
            debilis, & forma coloris, quæ eſt ſuper ipſum, fuerit debilis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1175" xml:space="preserve"> tunc forma lucis, quæ eſt in illo cor-
              <lb/>
            pore, quamuis ſit debilis cum albedine corporis, fortè uincet formam coloris, quę eſt ualde debilis,
              <lb/>
            & cum uenerit ad uiſum, non diſtinguetur forma illa à uiſu.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1176" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſi corpus, ſuper quod eſt lux, fuerit al
              <lb/>
            bum, & color cum forma, quæ oritur ſuper ipſum, fuerit niger, aut obſcurus, non obſcurabitur illa
              <lb/>
            forma, niſi albedine illius corporis tantùm, & erit quaſi umbra, & comprehendet uiſus illud corpus
              <lb/>
            </s>
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