Bélidor, Bernard Forest de, La science des ingenieurs dans la conduite des travaux de fortification et d' architecture civile

Table of Notes

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            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4943" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="54" file="0234" n="241" rhead="LA SCIENCE DES INGENIEURS,"/>
              traites, cette partie de l’ouvrage étant de conſéquence.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4944" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4945" xml:space="preserve">Quoique le bon fond ſe trouve ordinairement plûtôt ſur les ter-
                <lb/>
              rains élevés, que dans les autres bas & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4946" xml:space="preserve">aquatiques, il s’en rencontre
                <lb/>
              pourtant d’excellents dans ces derniers, comme ſont ceux de gra-
                <lb/>
              vier, de marne, de glaiſe, d’autres d’une certaine terre bleuâtre
                <lb/>
              qui eſt le plus ſouvent de bonne conſiſtance, j’y comprendrai même
                <lb/>
              le Sable boüillant qui eſt fort bon quand on ſait s’y conduire avec
                <lb/>
              adreſſe: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4947" xml:space="preserve">on établit des fondemens ſur tout ces terrains avec aſſés
                <lb/>
              de confiance, c’eſt pourquoi je ne m’y arrêterai pas.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4948" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4949" xml:space="preserve">L’on eſt quelquefois contraint de creuſer ſi avant pour trouver
                <lb/>
              le bon fond, qu’on ne peut élever les fondemens juſqu’au rez-de-
                <lb/>
              Chauſſée ſans des dépenſes extraordinaires; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4950" xml:space="preserve">en ce cas, Philbert de
                <lb/>
              Lorme, Scamozzy, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4951" xml:space="preserve">pluſieurs autres Architectes après eux, pro-
                <lb/>
              poſent de faire des piliers de diſtance en diſtance pour y élever des
                <lb/>
              décharges, afin qu’à peu de frais l’on puiſſe gagner le rez-de-
                <lb/>
              Chauſſée.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4952" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4953" xml:space="preserve">Comme le terrain, ſur lequel on voudroit fonder les piles, peut
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0234-01" xlink:href="note-0234-01a" xml:space="preserve">Fonde-
                  <lb/>
                ment par
                  <lb/>
                arcades ou
                  <lb/>
                décharges.</note>
              ſe trouver d’inégale réſiſtance, il ſeroit à craindre que par la
                <lb/>
              ſuite le terrain de deſſous, quelques piles venant à s’affaiſſer, ne cau-
                <lb/>
              ſàt une grande rupture aux arcades, par conſéquent aux murs qui
                <lb/>
              ſeroient élevés deſſus: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4954" xml:space="preserve">pour prévenir cet inconvenient on a crû que
                <lb/>
              le meilleur moyen étoit de faire, entre les piles, des arcades renver-
                <lb/>
              ſées, afin que ſi une des piles étoit moins aſſurée que les autres, elle
                <lb/>
              ſe trouvât arcboutée par les arcades voiſines, qui ne pouvant cé-
                <lb/>
              der à cauſe qu’elles ſont ſoûtenuës par les terres qui ſont au-deſ-
                <lb/>
              ſous, il n’eſt pas poſſible que la pile puiſſe changer de ſituation,
                <lb/>
              quand bien même elle porteroit à faux.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4955" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4956" xml:space="preserve">Il arrive ſouvent, qu’en voulant établir des Fondemens on ren-
                <lb/>
                <note position="left" xlink:label="note-0234-02" xlink:href="note-0234-02a" xml:space="preserve">Maniere
                  <lb/>
                de détour-
                  <lb/>
                ner les
                  <lb/>
                ſources.</note>
              contre des ſources qui incommodent beaucoup le travail: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4957" xml:space="preserve">il y a des
                <lb/>
              gens qui prétendent les éteindre, en jettant deſſus quantité de cen-
                <lb/>
              dre mêlée de Chaux vive; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4958" xml:space="preserve">d’autres veulent remplir de vif-argent les
                <lb/>
              trous par où elles ſortent, afin que par ſon poids il les contraigne
                <lb/>
              à prendre leur cours d’un autre côté. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4959" xml:space="preserve">Je crois que tous ces expe-
                <lb/>
              diens ne ſont bons que dans la ſpeculation, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4960" xml:space="preserve">qu’ils ne réüſſiſſent
                <lb/>
              guére quand on veut les mettre en œuvre; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4961" xml:space="preserve">le meilleur parti eſt de
                <lb/>
              travailler promptement, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s4962" xml:space="preserve">pour ne point être inondé à un certain
                <lb/>
              point, il faut diriger les eaux par petites rigoles que l’on amenera à
                <lb/>
              un puits fait au-delà de la tranchée, d’où on les tirera par des ma-
                <lb/>
              chines à meſure qu’elles viendront, on leur laiſſera le cours libre
                <lb/>
              depuis leur origine juſqu’à ce puits, bordant les petites rigoles de
                <lb/>
              chaque côté avec des Briques pour former de petits canaux que </s>
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