Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16867" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="238" file="0244" n="244" rhead="ALHAZEN"/>
            inſtrumenti, & centrum ſphæræ uitreæ, & centrum duorum foraminum ſunt in eadem linea recta.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16868" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Ex quo patet, quòd lux, quæ tranſit in corpus uitri, perueniens ad cẽtrum ſphæræ eius, cum extra-
              <lb/>
            hitur in aerem, extenditur in rectitudine lineæ, per quam extendebatur in corpore uitri.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16869" xml:space="preserve"> Hæc au-
              <lb/>
            tem linea eſt perpendicularis ſuper ſuperficiem baſis uitri, quæ eſt æquidiſtans diametro laminæ,
              <lb/>
            quæ eſt perpendicularis ſuper ſuperficiem baſis uitri:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16870" xml:space="preserve"> quia eſt perpendicularis ſuper lineã rectam,
              <lb/>
            quæ eſt differentia communis duabus ſuperficiebus uitri æqualibus, quarum altera eſt ſuperpoſi-
              <lb/>
            ta ſuperficiei laminæ, & reliqua erecta ſuper ſuperficiem laminæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16871" xml:space="preserve"> Linea igitur tranſiens per centra
              <lb/>
            duorum foraminum & per centrum ſphæræ uitreæ eſt perpen dicularis ſuper ſuperficiem uitri:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16872" xml:space="preserve"> eſt
              <lb/>
            ergo perpendicularis ſuper ſuperficiem aeris, qui tangit hanc ſuperficiem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16873" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſi experimentator in-
              <lb/>
            fuderit aquam in uas, remanente uitro in ſua poſitione, & poſuerit aquam ſupra cẽtrum uitri, & in-
              <lb/>
            ſpexerit lucem, quæ eſt in ora in ſtrumenti:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16874" xml:space="preserve"> inueniet centrum lucis ſuper extremitatẽ diametri me-
              <lb/>
            dij circuli.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16875" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſi euulſerit uitrum, & poſuerit illud in lamina è contrario huic ordinationi, ſcilicet, ut
              <lb/>
            ſuperficies æqualis ſit ex parte foraminum, & conuexitas uitri ſit ex parte interiore uaſis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16876" xml:space="preserve"> & ſuper-
              <lb/>
            poſuerit lineam rectam, quæ eſt in uitro, quæ eſt differentia communis duabus ſuis ſuperficiebus
              <lb/>
            æqualibus, ſuper lineam rectam, quæ eſt in lamina, ſecatem perpendiculariter diametrum laminæ,
              <lb/>
            & poſuerit medium huius lineæ, ſcilicet, quæ eſt in uitro, ſuper centrũ laminæ, & inſpexerit lucem,
              <lb/>
            ſicut fecit in prima poſitione:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16877" xml:space="preserve"> inueniet lucem cadentem ſuper oram inſtrumenti, & inueniet cen-
              <lb/>
            trum lucis ſuper punctum, quod eſt differentia cõmunis medij circuli, & lineæ ſtanti in ora inſtru-
              <lb/>
            menti.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16878" xml:space="preserve"> Ex quibus declarabitur, quòd lux ſolis, quæ tranſit per centra duorum foraminum, tranſit
              <lb/>
            etiam in corpus uirri ſecundum rectitudinem lineæ, per quam extendebatur in aere:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16879" xml:space="preserve"> & poſtquam
              <lb/>
            egreditur corpus uitri, extenditur etiam in aere ſecundum rectitudinem lineæ, per quam extende-
              <lb/>
            batur in uitro:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16880" xml:space="preserve"> lineaq́;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16881" xml:space="preserve">, quæ tranſit per centra duorum foraminum, eſt in hac poſitione etiã perpen-
              <lb/>
            dicularis ſuper ſuperficiem uitri, oppoſitam foramini, ſeilicet ſuperficiẽ, quæ eſt baſis hemilphærij.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16882" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Et hæc linea eſt etiam perpendicularis ſuper ſuperficiem cõuexam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16883" xml:space="preserve"> nam in hac poſitione etiam eſt
              <lb/>
            diameter ſphæræ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16884" xml:space="preserve"> eſt ergo perpendicularis ſuper ſuperficiem aeris contingentis ſuperficiem ſphæ-
              <lb/>
            ræ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16885" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſi experimentator infuderit aquam in uas, & reliquerit uitrum in ſua poſitione, & poſuerit
              <lb/>
            aquam infra centrum uitri, & aſpexerit lucem, quę eſt in ora inſtrumenti:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16886" xml:space="preserve"> inueniet centrum lucis in
              <lb/>
            extremitate diametri medij circuli.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16887" xml:space="preserve"> Ex his ergo experimentationibus, quæ fiunt per cubicum &
              <lb/>
            ſphęricum uitrum, patet, quòd ſi lux occurrerit corpori diaphano diuerſæ diaphanitatis à corpore,
              <lb/>
            in quo eſt, & linea, per quam extenditur, fuerit perpendicularis ſuper ſuperficiem ſecũdi corporis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16888" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            tunc lax extenditur in ſecundo corpore in rectitudine lineæ, per quam extendebatur in corpore
              <lb/>
            primo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16889" xml:space="preserve"> nec differt, ſi ſecundum corpus fuerit groſsius primo aut ſubtilius.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16890" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div559" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head486" xml:space="preserve" style="it">7. Radi
            <emph style="sub">9</emph>
          medio rariori obliqu{us}, refringitur à քpẽdiculari à refractiõis pũcto excitata. 45 p 2.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16891" xml:space="preserve">ITem oportet experimentatorẽ euellere uitrũ, & referre illud ad laminã, & ponere mediũ lineæ
              <lb/>
            rectæ, quæ eſt in eo, ſuper centrũ laminæ, & ponere ſuperficiẽ æqualem ex parte duorũ forami-
              <lb/>
            num, & lineã, quæ eſt in uitro, quæ eſt differẽtia cõmunis duabus ſuis ſuperficiebus, obliquã ſu-
              <lb/>
            per diametrũ laminæ qualibet obliquatione, & ponere obliquationẽ diametri laminæ ſuper hãc li-
              <lb/>
            neam ad illam partẽ, ad quã declinabat apud experimentationẽ aquæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16892" xml:space="preserve"> Neceſſe eſt igitur, ut perpen-
              <lb/>
            dicularis, quæ egreditur à centro uitri, quæ eſt ſuper ſuperficiẽ uitri perpendicularis, quę extẽditur
              <lb/>
            in corpore uitri, obliqua ſit a linea tranſeunte per cẽtra duorum foraminũ ad partẽ, in qua ſunt duo
              <lb/>
            foramina.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16893" xml:space="preserve"> Et applicet experimentator uitrũ ſecundũ hunc ſitum applicatione fixa, & ponat inſtru-
              <lb/>
            mentũ in uas, & uas in ſole, & moueat inſtrumentũ, donec lux trãſeat per duo foramina, & intuea-
              <lb/>
            tur lucẽ, quæ eſt intra uas:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16894" xml:space="preserve"> tunc inueniet illã in interiore ora inſtrumẽti, & inueniet centrũ lucis in
              <lb/>
            circumferentia medij circuli:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16895" xml:space="preserve"> ſed extra punctũ, quod eſt differentia cõmunis circumferẽtiæ circuli
              <lb/>
            medij, & lineæ ſtanti in ora inſtrumenti:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16896" xml:space="preserve"> & declinatio eius erit ad partem, in qua eſt ſol:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16897" xml:space="preserve"> erit ergo ad
              <lb/>
            partem perpẽdicularis, exeuntis à loco refractionis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16898" xml:space="preserve"> Et hæc lux extenditur in aere in rectitudine li-
              <lb/>
            neæ, tranſeuntis per centra duorũ foraminũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16899" xml:space="preserve"> & hęc linea in hoc ſitu perueniet ad centrũ ſphęræ ui-
              <lb/>
            treæ, & erit obliqua ſuper ſuperficiẽ æqualem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16900" xml:space="preserve"> Huius autẽ lucis terminatio extẽſionis in uitro eſt à
              <lb/>
            cẽtro uitri:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16901" xml:space="preserve"> extẽditur igitur in corpore uitri ſecundũ lineam rectã, exeuntem à centro ſphæræ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16902" xml:space="preserve"> ergo
              <lb/>
            illius eſt diameter:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16903" xml:space="preserve"> hęc igitur lux extẽditur in corpore uitri ſecundũ uerticationẽ diametri alicuius
              <lb/>
            eius.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16904" xml:space="preserve"> Cũ ergo peruenerit ad ſphęricam ſuperficiẽ, erit perpendicularis ſuper illã:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16905" xml:space="preserve"> & cum extrahetur
              <lb/>
            in aerem, erit perpendicularis ſuper aerem contingentẽ ſuperficiem ſphęricam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16906" xml:space="preserve"> Non ergo refringi-
              <lb/>
            tur in aere, neq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16907" xml:space="preserve"> extẽditur rectè:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16908" xml:space="preserve"> ergo refringitur, ſed nõ in corpore uitri, neq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16909" xml:space="preserve"> in cõuexo eius, neq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16910" xml:space="preserve"> in
              <lb/>
            primo aere, neq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16911" xml:space="preserve"> in ſecũdo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16912" xml:space="preserve"> ergo refringitur apud centrum uitri:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16913" xml:space="preserve"> & hęc lux eſt obliqua ſuper ſuper-
              <lb/>
            ficiem ęqualem, in qua eſt centrum uitri.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16914" xml:space="preserve"> Ex quibus patet, quòd, cum lux extenditur in aere & tran-
              <lb/>
            ſit in uitrum, & fuerit obliqua ſuper ſuperficiem uitri:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16915" xml:space="preserve"> refringetur, & non tranſibit rectè:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16916" xml:space="preserve"> & refra-
              <lb/>
            ctio eius erit ad partem, in qua eſt perpendicularis, exiens à loco refractionis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16917" xml:space="preserve"> & corpus uitri groſ-
              <lb/>
            ſius eſt corpore aeris.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16918" xml:space="preserve"> Manifeſtum eſt igitur ex hac experimentatione, & prima de refractione lu-
              <lb/>
            cis ab aere ad aquam (luce exiſtente obliqua ſuper ſuperficiem aquę) quòd, cum lux fuerit extenſa
              <lb/>
            in corpore ſubtiliore, & occurrerit illi groſsius corpus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16919" xml:space="preserve"> refringetur ab ipſo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16920" xml:space="preserve"> & erit refractio eius ad
              <lb/>
            partem, in qua eſt linea exiens à loco refractionis, quę eſt perpendicularis ſuper ſuperficiẽ corporis
              <lb/>
            groſsioris.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16921" xml:space="preserve"> Item oportet experimentatorem euellere uitrum, & ponere ipſum è contrario:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s16922" xml:space="preserve"> ſcilicet
              <lb/>
            ut ſuperficies conuexa ſit ex parte foraminum, & ponat medium differentię communis, quę eſt in
              <lb/>
            uitro ſuper centrum laminę, & ponat d
              <gap/>
            ſſerẽtiam communem obliquã ſuper diametrum laminę, &
              <lb/>
            </s>
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