Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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            <pb pagenum="212"/>
            <figure number="124"/>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>A—TUNNEL. B—LINEN CLOTH.
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              heavier with the depth of a shaft, of which fact he has made mention, but
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              also with the length of a tunnel.</s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s>The climbing machines of miners are ladders, fixed to one side of the shaft,
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              and these reach either to the tunnel or to the bottom of the shaft. </s>
              <s>I need not
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              describe how they are made, because they are used everywhere, and need
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              not so much skill in their construction as care in fixing them. </s>
              <s>However,
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              miners go down into mines not only by the steps of ladders, but they are
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              also lowered into them while sitting on a stick or a wicker basket, fastened to
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              the rope of one of the three drawing machines which I described at first.
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              </s>
              <s>Further, when the shafts are much inclined, miners and other workmen
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              sit in the dirt which surrounds their loins and slide down in the same way
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              that boys do in winter-time when the water on some hillside has congealed
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              with the cold, and to prevent themselves from falling, one arm is wound about
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              a rope, the upper end of which is fastened to a beam at the mouth of the shaft,
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              and the lower end to a stake fixed in the bottom of the shaft. </s>
              <s>In these three
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              ways miners descend into the shafts. </s>
              <s>A fourth way may be mentioned
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              which is employed when men and horses go down to the underground </s>
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