Bélidor, Bernard Forest de, La science des ingenieurs dans la conduite des travaux de fortification et d' architecture civile

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              <s xml:id="echoid-s5160" xml:space="preserve">
                <pb o="63" file="0243" n="250" rhead="LIVRE III. DE LA CONSTRUCTION DES TRAVAUX."/>
              fondeur de l’eau eſt conſiderable, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5161" xml:space="preserve">qu’on ne peut pas atteindre
                <lb/>
              le fond ſans donner aux Caiſſons une hauteur extraordinaire, on
                <lb/>
              prend le parti d’en augmenter la hauteur avec des hauſſes, à meſure
                <lb/>
              qu’il approche du fond.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5162" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5163" xml:space="preserve">Quelquefois l’on établit les Caiſſons ſur un enrochement quand
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                <note position="right" xlink:label="note-0243-01" xlink:href="note-0243-01a" xml:space="preserve">
                  <emph style="sc">Fig</emph>
                . 4.
                  <lb/>
                & 5.</note>
              le lit ſur lequel on veut fonder n’eſt pas uni, ſoit à cauſe des trous,
                <lb/>
              ou des petits bancs de ſable, ou bien quand les eaux ſont par trop
                <lb/>
              hautes.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5164" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5165" xml:space="preserve">Si l’on vouloit raporter toutes les differentes manieres de fonder
                <lb/>
              ſelon les occaſions qui ſe peuvent preſenter, je ne finirois jamais:
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5166" xml:space="preserve">c’eſt pourquoi je me tiendrai à l’idée que je viens d’en donner, me
                <lb/>
              reſervant pourtant d’entrer encore dans quelque détail ſur ce ſujet
                <lb/>
              quand la choſe en meritera la peine, comme par exemple, pour les
                <lb/>
              fondemens des Ponts de Maçonnerie, des Ecluſes, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5167" xml:space="preserve">autres ouvra-
                <lb/>
              ges, qui demandent beaucoup d’attention, pour les établir ſolide-
                <lb/>
              ment, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5168" xml:space="preserve">que j’ai traité à fond dans le ſecond volume; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5169" xml:space="preserve">cependant le
                <lb/>
              peu que je viens d’inſinuer pourra donner aſſés de connoiſſance à
                <lb/>
              ceux qui ont deſſein de s’appliquer à l’Architecture, pour que d’eux
                <lb/>
              mêmes ayant un peu de pratique & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5170" xml:space="preserve">d’intelligence, ils puiſſent faire
                <lb/>
              le choix qui conviendra le mieux, entre les differens moyens que
                <lb/>
              je propoſe.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5171" xml:space="preserve"/>
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            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5172" xml:space="preserve">Je n’ai point parlé juſqu’ici de la profondeur qu’il falloit donner
                <lb/>
              aux fondemens, parce qu’il eſt aſſés difficile de la determiner, de-
                <lb/>
              pendant en quelque ſorte de la nature du terrain où l’on travaille;
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5173" xml:space="preserve">mais je ferai au moins remarquer, que la plûpart des Architectes
                <lb/>
              font des depenſes fort inutiles, leur donnant une grande profon-
                <lb/>
              deur, qui ne contribuë en rien à la ſolidité de l’édifice, car de deux
                <lb/>
              choſes l’une, le terrain ſera bon, ou il ſera mauvais; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5174" xml:space="preserve">s’il eſt bon,
                <lb/>
              on peut bâtir en toute aſſeurance; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5175" xml:space="preserve">s’il ne l’eſt pas, on en ſera quit-
                <lb/>
              te en faiſant un bon plancher de madriers ou de grillage, ſans creu-
                <lb/>
              ſer plus avant pour chercher un autre fond, qu’on ne trouveroit
                <lb/>
              peut-être pas meilleur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5176" xml:space="preserve">ſi le terrain eſt mouvant ou marecageux,
                <lb/>
              il y a encore moins de raiſon d’aprofondir, puis qu’on ſera toû-
                <lb/>
              jours contraint de piloter; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5177" xml:space="preserve">or, dans tous ces cas, la profondeur des
                <lb/>
              fondemens ne fera rien pour la ſolidité des murs qu’on veut élever,
                <lb/>
              le tout eſt de les établir ſur une baſe ferme & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5178" xml:space="preserve">bien aſſurée, ſi on ne la
                <lb/>
              rencontre point telle qu’on peut la ſouhaiter, il faut avoir recours
                <lb/>
              aux expediens que nous venons de dire; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5179" xml:space="preserve">on n’en a pas uſé autre-
                <lb/>
              ment pour touts les grands édifices qui ſubſiſtent depuis tant de ſié-
                <lb/>
              cles: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5180" xml:space="preserve">les fondemens de l’Egliſe de Notre-Dame de Paris, qui eſt un
                <lb/>
              Vaiſſeau des plus conſiderables, quoi que bâti dans un fort mau- </s>
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