Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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              machines and come up again, that is by inclined shafts which are twisted like
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              a screw and have steps cut in the rock, as I have already described.</s>
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              <s>It remains for me to speak of the ailments and accidents of miners, and of
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              the methods by which they can guard against these, for we should always
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              devote more care to maintaining our health, that we may freely perform our
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              bodily functions, than to making profits. </s>
              <s>Of the illnesses, some affect the
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              joints, others attack the lungs, some the eyes, and finally some are fatal to
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              men.</s>
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              <s>Where water in shafts is abundant and very cold, it frequently injures
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              the limbs, for cold is harmful to the sinews. </s>
              <s>To meet this, miners should
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              make themselves sufficiently high boots of rawhide, which protect their
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              legs from the cold water; the man who does not follow this advice will
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              suffer much ill-health, especially when he reaches old age. </s>
              <s>On the other
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              hand, some mines are so dry that they are entirely devoid of water, and this
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              dryness causes the workmen even greater harm, for the dust which is stirred
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              and beaten up by digging penetrates into the windpipe and lungs, and
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              produces difficulty in breathing, and the disease which the Greeks call
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                <foreign lang="grc">ἂσθμα.</foreign>
              If the dust has corrosive qualities, it eats away the lungs, and
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              implants consumption in the body; hence in the mines of the Carpathian
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              Mountains women are found who have married seven husbands, all of whom
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              this terrible consumption has carried off to a premature death. </s>
              <s>At Altenberg
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              in Meissen there is found in the mines black
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              pompholyx,
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              which eats wounds
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              and ulcers to the bone; this also corrodes iron, for which reason the keys
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              of their sheds are made of wood. </s>
              <s>Further, there is a certain kind of
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              cadmia
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              21
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              which eats away the feet of the workmen when they have become wet, and
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              similarly their hands, and injures their lungs and eyes. </s>
              <s>Therefore, for their </s>
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