Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950
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1in silver mines; it creeps unobserved and brings destruction upon those
who imprudently sit on it.
But, as the same writer tells us, springs of warm
and salubrious waters gush out in certain places, which neutralise the venom
inserted by the ants.
In some of our mines, however, though in very few, there are other
pernicious pests.
These are demons of ferocious aspect, about which I have
spoken in my book De Animantibus Subterraneis. Demons of this kind
are expelled and put to flight by prayer and fasting.26
Some of these evils, as well as certain other things, are the reason why
pits are occasionally abandoned.
But the first and principal cause is that
they do not yield metal, or if, for some fathoms, they do bear metal they
become barren in depth.
The second cause is the quantity of water which
flows in; sometimes the miners can neither divert this water into the
tunnels, since tunnels cannot be driven so far into the mountains, or they
cannot draw it out with machines because the shafts are too deep; or if they
could draw it out with machines, they do not use them, the reason
undoubtedly being that the expenditure is greater than the profits of a
moderately poor vein.
The third cause is the noxious air, which the owners
sometimes cannot overcome either by skill or expenditure, for which reason
the digging is sometimes abandoned, not only of shafts, but also of tunnels.
The
fourth cause is the poison produced in particular places, if it is not in our
power either completely to remove it or to moderate its effects.
This is the
reason why the caverns in the Plain known as Laurentius27 used not to be

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