Bélidor, Bernard Forest de, La science des ingenieurs dans la conduite des travaux de fortification et d' architecture civile

Table of Notes

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                <pb o="65" file="0247" n="255" rhead="LIVRE III. DE LA CONSTRUCTION DES TRAVAUX."/>
              terrain, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5204" xml:space="preserve">à miner les fondemens, ce qui eſt fort à craindre quand
                <lb/>
              on eſt dans le voiſinage d’une Ecluſe, où il y a une grande chute
                <lb/>
              d’eau.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5205" xml:space="preserve"/>
            </p>
            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5206" xml:space="preserve">Puiſque nous en ſommes ſur l’épaiſſeur des fondemens, il eſt à
                <lb/>
              propos d’en dire quelque choſe, paroiſſant y avoir encore ici des
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              difficultez qui ont beſoin d’être examinées.</s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5207" xml:space="preserve"/>
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            <p>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5208" xml:space="preserve">Les fondemens d’un mur étant la baſe ſur laquelle il eſt établi,
                <lb/>
              il ſemble que la largeur de cette baſe doit être proportionnée, non
                <lb/>
              ſeulement à l’épaiſſeur du mur, mais plus encore à ſa hauteur, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5209" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              qu’on doit ſuivre une certaine regle pour déterminer la largeur des
                <lb/>
              retraites du rez-de-Chauſſée; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5210" xml:space="preserve">mais c’eſt ce que les Architectes
                <lb/>
              n’ont point fait que je ſache: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5211" xml:space="preserve">il eſt bien vrai qu’ils ont parlé de l’é-
                <lb/>
              paiſſeur qu’il falloit donner aux fondemens, par raport à celle du
                <lb/>
              mur qu’ils devoient porter; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5212" xml:space="preserve">mais, ils n’ont pas eu égard à la hauteur
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              de ces murs. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5213" xml:space="preserve">Par exemple, Scamozzi veut que l’on donne pour
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              retraite de chaque côté, la huitiéme partie de l’épaiſſeur du mur,
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              c’eſt-à-dire, que s’il a quatre pieds d’épaiſſeur, il faudra en donner
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              cinq aux fondemens. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5214" xml:space="preserve">Philbert de Lorme fait ſes fondemens plus
                <lb/>
              épais, donnant pour retraite de chaque côté, un quart de l’épaiſ-
                <lb/>
              ſeur du mur; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5215" xml:space="preserve">ainſi, à un mur de quatre pieds d’épaiſſeur, il en don-
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              ne ſix aux fondemens. </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5216" xml:space="preserve">Palladio les fait encore plus épais, voulant
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              qu’ils ayent le double de l’épaiſſeur du mur: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5217" xml:space="preserve">& </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5218" xml:space="preserve">ce qu’il y a de ſur-
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              prenant, comme je le viens de dire, c’eſt que ni les uns ni les autres
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              ne font aucune mention de la hauteur des murs; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5219" xml:space="preserve">cependant il n’y a
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              pas de raiſon de donner autant d’épaiſſeur aux fondemens d’un mur
                <lb/>
              de clôture d’une hauteur mediocre qui ne porte rien, qu’à ceux
                <lb/>
              des pieds droits d’une voute fort élevée & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5220" xml:space="preserve">maſſive, ou d’un autre
                <lb/>
              mur qui doit porter pluſieurs grands planchers, chargés de fardeaux
                <lb/>
              conſiderables, comme aux Arſenaux & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5221" xml:space="preserve">aux Magaſins pour les
                <lb/>
              vivres; </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5222" xml:space="preserve">car, il n’y a point d’édifice dont les murs n’ayent quelque
                <lb/>
              pouſſée à ſoûtenir, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5223" xml:space="preserve">c’eſt ce qui fait qu’ils ſurplombent plûtôt en
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              dehors qu’en dedans: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5224" xml:space="preserve">d’ailleurs, quand un mur eſt fort élevé, & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5225" xml:space="preserve">
                <lb/>
              qu’il n’a qu’une épaiſſeur mediocre, ſi l’empattement n’eſt pas pro-
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              portionné à l’élevation, pour peu que le mur vienne à s’incliner
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              la longueur du bras de lévier a un ſi grand avantage ſur la reſiſtance
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              que les fondemens peuvent rencontrer de la part du terrain, qu’il
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              faut que ce terrain ſoit d’une ſolidité extrême, pour ne pas flechir:
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              <s xml:id="echoid-s5226" xml:space="preserve">car il eſt bon de faire attention ici, qu’un mur & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5227" xml:space="preserve">ſes fondemens
                <lb/>
              doivent être conſidéres comme ne faiſant qu’un ſeul corps, quoi-
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              que j’aye ſupoſé le contraire dans le premier & </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5228" xml:space="preserve">le ſecond Livre: </s>
              <s xml:id="echoid-s5229" xml:space="preserve">
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              par conſequent, ſi le point d’apui, au lieu de repondre au rez-de- </s>
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