Clavius, Christoph
,
Gnomonices libri octo, in quibus non solum horologiorum solariu[m], sed aliarum quo[quam] rerum, quae ex gnomonis umbra cognosci possunt, descriptiones geometricè demonstrantur
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GNOMONICES
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quia tã interdiu, quàm noctu ex ipſis horas cognoſcim{us}; </
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<
s
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xml:space
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">qualia ſunt Aſtrolabia, ſeu Planiſphæria, annuli
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aſtronomici, & </
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<
s
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xml:space
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">Pariratione alia horas indicant per dimidij anni ſpatium, cuiuſmodi est horologium
<
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Aequinoctiale ſuperi{us}, horas eo anni tempore indicãs, quo ſol à principio ♈, ad principiũ ♎ mouetur:
<
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</
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>
<
s
xml:id
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xml:space
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">Alia per reliquam partem anni, quale eſt A Equinoctiale inferius, quod horas monſirat, dum ſol à princi-
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pio ♎, ad principium ♈, mouetur. </
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<
s
xml:id
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xml:space
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">Rurſus quædam indicant horas mane duntaxat & </
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<
s
xml:id
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xml:space
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">veſperi, quale
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eſt horologium verticale ad ſeptentrionem ſpectans, & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
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xml:space
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">Polare inferius, & </
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>
<
s
xml:id
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"
xml:space
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">nonnulla alia declinantia, & </
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<
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inclinata inferiora: </
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<
s
xml:id
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"
xml:space
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">quædam reliquas horas diei, quale eſt Verticale ad meridiem vergens, & </
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>
<
s
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xml:space
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">Polare ſupe-
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rius, nec non aliqua declinantia, & </
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<
s
xml:id
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"
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">inclinata ſuperiora. </
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<
s
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xml:space
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">Sic etiam horologiorum alia horas antemeridia-
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nas ſolum indicant, cuiuſmodi cſt Meridianum Orientale; </
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<
s
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xml:space
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">alia pomeridianas, quale cſt Meridianum occi-
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dentale. </
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<
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xml:space
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">Atq; </
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<
s
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xml:space
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">hac ratione plura alia genera horologiorum excogitari poterunt.</
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<
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</
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<
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<
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style
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">DE QV ADRVPLICI HORARVM,
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atque ex ipſis horologiorum varietate.</
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<
s
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xml:space
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">RETVLIMVS varia horologiorum genera ex uario duntaxat planorum, in quibus deſcribuntur,
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ſitu, nunc de quatuor horarum generibus, ex quibus ſingulæ prædictæ horologiorum ſpecies quadrupli
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cantur, dicam{us}. </
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<
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xml:space
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">Principio autem horarum duo prima ſunt genera inter ſe diſtincta, vnæ quidem inæqua-
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">Horarum di
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u
<
unsure
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iſio.</
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les dicuntur, æquales alteræ. </
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<
s
xml:id
="
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xml:space
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">Hora inæqualis eſt pars duodecima tam diei, quàm noctis artificialis. </
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>
<
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">Diuide-
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<
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">Hora inæ
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qualis.</
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>
batur enim olim quæuis artificialis dies, & </
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>
<
s
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">quælibet nox in 12 particulas æquales inter ſe, quæ horæ inæ-
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quales, & </
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>
<
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xml:space
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">antiquæ à ſcriptorib{us} dicuntur: </
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>
<
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xml:space
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">Antiquæ quidem, quoniam apud omnes antiquos earum vſus
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extitit. </
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>
<
s
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xml:space
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">Inæquales autem, non quòd horæ vnius diei vel noctis inter ſe ſint inæquales; </
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<
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xml:space
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">hoc enim falſum eſt,
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<
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xml:space
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">Cur dictæ ſint
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horæ antiquæ@
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& inæquales.</
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cum quamlibet diem, ac noctem in 12 partes æquales diſtribui aſſeruerimus; </
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<
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xml:space
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">ſed quia cũ dies artificiales,
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& </
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>
<
s
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xml:space
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">noctes ſint inæquales, horæ diei vel noctis longioris maiores ſunt horis diei, vel noctis breuioris. </
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<
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">Quan-
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do enim duæ magnitudines inæquales in partes numero æquales diuiduntur, efficiuntur ſingulæ partes ma-
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ioris magnitudinis ſingulis partibus minoris inæquales, puta maiores. </
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>
<
s
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xml:space
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">Rurſus dicuntur huiuſmodi partes
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duodecimæ diei vel noctis, horæ inæquales, quoniam cum tam dies, quàm nox artificialis æqualib{us} duo-
<
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decim horis conſtet, ſit autem in ſphæra obliqua perpetuo dies ſuæ nocti inæqualis, excepto tempore æqui-
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noctiorum, ſole in principio ♈, vel ♎ exiſtente, neceſſario efficitur, hor{as} diurn{as} inæquales eſſe no-
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cturnis horis. </
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<
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">Deniq; </
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<
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">nominatæ ſunt huiuſmodi horæ inæquales, quia nunquam, niſi in æquinoctijs, conue-
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niunt cum horis æquinoctialibus, quæ æquales dicuntur, vt mox docebim{us}, ſed ſemper aut minores ſunt,
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vt diurnæ in hyeme, & </
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<
s
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">nocturnæ in æſtate, aut maiores, vt ſunt diurnæ in æſtate, & </
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</
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<
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">30</
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Cur autem duodecim hor{as} diurn{as}, totidem{q́ue} nocturnas conſtituerint veteres, partim ſupra cõmemora-
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<
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xml:space
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">Cur Antiqui
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diem, & noctẽ
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quãlibet in 12.
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horas ſecuerint.</
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uim{us}, cum de etymologia hui{us} nominis, hora, diſſereremus, partim etiam hoc loco aperiemus. </
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<
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magnam ſemper rationem habuiſſe temporis, quo ſingulæ partes zodiaci ſupra Horizontem exoriuntur,
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perſpicuè conſtat. </
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>
<
s
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xml:space
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">Vnde non temerè hor{as} à partib{us} zodiaci inſtituiſſe videntur. </
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<
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xml:space
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">Sed quoniã 12 partes
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ſunt præcipuæ in zodiaco, nempe 12. </
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>
<
s
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xml:space
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">ſigna cœleſtia, quorum ſex qualibet die, & </
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<
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">totidem quauis nocte oriũ-
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tur, vt in ſphær a docuim{us}; </
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>
<
s
xml:id
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xml:space
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">ſi ſingulis ſignis horam tribuiſſent, ſex hor{as} duntaxat conſtituiſſent tam in
<
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die, quàm in nocte qualibet, eaſ{q́ue} lõgiores, quàm par eſt, effeciſſent. </
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>
<
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">Quocirca viſum eſt illis cuilibet medie
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tati vnius ſigni ſupra Horizontem emergenti horam aſcribere. </
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>
<
s
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xml:space
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">Vnde factum eſt, vt quemuis diem, & </
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<
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">no-
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ctem in 12 hor{as} partitiſint. </
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>
<
s
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xml:space
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">Hiſce horis inæqualib{us} olim Iudæi vtebantur, vt ex ſacris literis conſtat,
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nec non Romani, & </
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<
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">tota ferme antiquit{as}, vt & </
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<
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">hyſtoriæ, & </
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<
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">libri veterum Mathematicorum teſtantur.
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</
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<
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">40</
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His enim noctem in quatuor vigili{as} diſtribuebant, ſingulis vigilijs tern{as} tribuendo hor{as}. </
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<
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">Immo & </
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<
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">Ec-
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cleſia Romana laudes Deo Opt. </
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<
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">Max. </
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<
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">quæ ab horarum nomine quidem horæ canonicæ, numero autem Pri
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ma, Tertia, Sexta, & </
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<
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xml:space
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">Nona vocatę ſunt, ſecundum hoc gen{us} hor arum inſtituit decantand{as}.</
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<
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</
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<
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xml:space
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">HORA verò æqualis eſt viceſima quarta pars dieinaturalis, qui ex die, nocte{q́ue} conficitur. </
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<
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xml:space
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">Quia verò
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<
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">Hora æqua-
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lis.</
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circulus A Equinoctialis continens grad. </
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<
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">360. </
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<
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xml:space
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">ſemel in die cir cumagitur, ſupra{q́ue} Horizontem vbiuis gen-
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tium totus aſcendit, (negligimus hic particulam illam, quæ portiunculæ illi zodiaci reſpondet, quam inte-
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rim proprio motu ſol percurrit) neceſſe eſt ſingulis horis aſcendere grad. </
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<
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<
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xml:space
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">qua de cauſa hę horæ dictæ
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ſunt æquinoctiales, quòd videlicet à cir cũuolutione æquinoctialis circuli efficiãtur. </
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<
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">Dictæ quoq; </
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<
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<
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xlink:href
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xml:space
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">Cur dictæ
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ſint horæ æqui-
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noctiales, atq;
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æquales.</
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les. </
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<
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xml:space
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">Nam ſemper æquali temporis ſpatio emergunt grad. </
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<
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<
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">A Equatoris, qui cuiq; </
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<
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xml:space
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">horæ tribuuntur, ſupra
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Horizontem: </
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>
<
s
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xml:space
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">Siquidem in omni regione vniformiter eleuatur, ac deprimitur infra Horizontem circulus
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<
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">50</
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æquinoctialis, vt alibi oſtendim{us}.</
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<
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</
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>
<
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<
s
xml:id
="
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xml:space
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">PORRO haſce hor{as} æquales olim non omnes nationes, ſicut ncc hodie, eodem modo numerabant;
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</
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<
s
xml:id
="
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xml:space
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">quoniam non idem initium diei natur alis apud omnes erat conſtitutum. </
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>
<
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xml:space
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">Babylonij etenim, teſte Plinio lib. </
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>
<
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<
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xml:space
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">Initium va-
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rium diei apud
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varias gentes.</
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2. </
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>
<
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xml:space
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">& </
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>
<
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">Macrobio lib. </
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>
<
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">1. </
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>
<
s
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"
xml:space
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">Saturnaliorum, diem appellabant motum ſolis ab vno ortu ad alterum ortum, quos
<
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/>
hac tempeſtate imitantur incolæ inſularum Balearium. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
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"
xml:space
="
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">Vnde hor{as} ab exortu ſolis ſupputabant, quæ Ba-
<
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/>
bylonicæ à pleriſ ſcriptoribus dicuntur, propterea quod apud Babylonios in vſu fuerunt. </
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>
<
s
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="
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xml:space
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">Athenienſes
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left
"
xlink:label
="
note-0026-13
"
xlink:href
="
note-0026-13a
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Horæ Baby-
<
lb
/>
lonicæ.</
note
>
autem, quos nunc ſequitur tota Italia vna cum Bohemia, diem definiebant ab uno ſolis occaſu ad occaſum
<
lb
/>
alterũ, inde{q́ue} hor{as} æquales numer abant: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s534
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">quæ iã Italicæ nuncupãtur ab Italia, vbi maxime earũ vſus vi-
<
lb
/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-0026-14
"
xlink:href
="
note-0026-14a
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Horę Italicę.</
note
>
get. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s535
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Vmbri deinde (quem etiam morem Aſtronomi omnes obſeruant) totum temp{us} à meridie ad ſequen-
<
lb
/>
tem meridiem vo
<
unsure
/>
cabant diem, hor{as}{q́ue} æquales 24. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s536
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">computabant à meridie, quę quoniam in motibus </
s
>
</
p
>
</
div
>
</
text
>
</
echo
>