Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.011600">
                <pb pagenum="613" xlink:href="016/01/260.jpg"/>
              quanquam neque pondera, nec funes arti­
                <lb/>
              fex noſter miſcuerit, ſed omnia ferro, denti­
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              culiſque miro conſtruxit artificio: ipſi verò
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              errones è tabulis cum quibuſdam circulis
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              prominentes abſque impedimento ſpectari
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              poſſent. </s>
              <s id="s.011601">Ex quo manifeſtum eſt, antiquam
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              ſtructuram longè hac noſtra nobiliorem eſ­
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              ſe, ac pulchriorem, noſtram verò diuturnio­
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              rem. </s>
              <s id="s.011602">Quòd ſi ex materia dura ac perſpicua
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              fierent, quemadmodum diximus ſuperius de
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              Chryſtallo cui argentum ſit immiſtum,
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              tunc & naturali rotundæ formæ, & conſtru­
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              ctioni orbium qua vnus alteri includitur, &
                <lb/>
              perſpicuitati ac pulchritudini cum diutur­
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              nitate conſultum eſſet. </s>
              <s id="s.011603">Itaque iam de vitro
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              habes rationem: non enim facilè erat, tunc
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              maximè, ex alia materia hanc machinam
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              perſpicuam facere niſi ex vitro, præſertim
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              quòd tunc longè maiores fierent, quàm
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              quæ ex metallo nunc moles illæ. </s>
              <s id="s.011604">Atque ex
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              his iam patet, quòd machinæ tales ponde­
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              ribus non agebantur: nam includi vix po­
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              terant, & incluſa motum perennem non
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              habuiſſent, & operis pulchritudinem fœdaſ­
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              ſent: externis verò motis orbibus ex vno
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              latere tantùm, vim vitro grauem attuliſſent.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.011605">Quamobrem facilius fuit hoc Archimedi
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              ſpiritu agere, tum maximè quòd orbibus
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              vnum tantùm motum addiderat, omneſque
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              circa idem centrum collocabat, vt Calippus
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              & Eudoxus, ipſam verò terram exiguam
                <lb/>
              ſphærulam multiplici motu agitabat in me­
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              dio neſcio quibus artificiis. </s>
              <s id="s.011606">Nam ſic Archi­
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              medes exiſtimauit orbis partes ſe habere, vt
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              in libello de Arenæ numero manifeſtè te­
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              ſtatur. </s>
              <s id="s.011607">Quam opinionem ſequutus eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.011608">Nico­
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              laus Copernicus ætate noſtra. </s>
              <s id="s.011609">An verò ad
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              vnguem, non ſatis conſtat, cùm incertum
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              ſit, an Archimedes lunæ orbes, vt Coperni­
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              cus, cum elementis ipſis circumuolui vo­
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              luerit. </s>
              <s id="s.011610">Manifeſtum eſt igitur duabus de cau­
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              ſis, Archimedi facilius fuiſſe molem hanc
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              vitream facere, ac ſpiritu abſque nixu alio
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              agitare, quàm noſtris temporibus ab his qui
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              placita Ptolomæi ſequuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.011611">Sed quòd hæc
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              machina ſpiritu agi potuerit, magna ad­
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              miratione haud dignum exiſtimo, conſide­
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              rantibus nobis quanta vi globulos expellant
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              machinæ illæ quæ in Germania fiunt, cùm
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              tamen aëris impetu ſolum id agant. </s>
              <s id="s.011612">Aliter
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              forſan per ſpiritum Claudianus intellexit
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              vim abditam molis, de quibus in initio
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              huius operis diximus. </s>
              <s id="s.011613">Abſconditis enim ex
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              arte vinculis, ſeu ( vt nuper diximus ) ro­
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              tarum cum denticulis auxilio fretus, machi­
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              na ſpontè ac ſpiritu quodam moueri pote­
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              rat videri. </s>
              <s id="s.011614">Nec verò de motu tantùm quo
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              aſtra ab Oriente in Occidentem feruntur
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              intelligi debet, nam Cicero hæc habet:
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              Quòd ſi ad barbaros veluti Scythas ſphæ­
                <lb/>
              ram aliquis tulerit hanc, quam nuper fami­
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              liaris noſter effecit Poſſidonius, cuius ſingulę
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1614"/>
                <lb/>
              conuerſiones idem efficiunt in Sole & in
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              Luna, & in quinque ſtellis errantibus, quod
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              efficitur in cœlo ſingulis diebus ac noctibus,
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              qui ea barbarie dubitet quin ea ſphæra ſit
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              perfecta ratione? </s>
              <s id="s.011615">Hi autem dubitant de
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              mundo, ex quo oriuntur omnia ac fiunt,
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              caſu ne ipſe ſit effectus, an neceſſitate ali­
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              qua, an ratione, an mente diuina. </s>
              <s id="s.011616">Et Archi­
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              medem arbitrantur plus valuiſſe in imitan­
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              dis ſphære conuerſionibus, quàm naturam
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              in efficiendis, præſertim cùm multis parti­
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              bus ſint illa perfecta, quàm hæc ſimulata ſo­
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              lertius. </s>
              <s id="s.011617">Manifeſtum eſt ex his verbis, non ſo­
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              lùm Archimedem ante Ciceronem, ſed ip­
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              ſius Ciceronis ætate Poſſidonium imitatum
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              eſſe motus omnes aſtrorum machina illa,
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              globoue orbem referent. </s>
              <s id="s.011618">Itaque ſic Clau­
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              dianum exponere liceat, vt vim illam quæ
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              vinculis molarum ac nixu continebatur, la­
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              tentem ac ſi non eſſet prætermiſſam, effi­
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              giem ſpontè ſe agentis machinæ, ac proprio
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              ſpiritu mouentis ſemet, vt non pro ſpiritu
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              aërem, ſed animam ipſam interpretemur.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.011619">Nuper amicus noſter artem inuenit nitorem
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              addendi auro ducto. </s>
              <s id="s.011620">Idem reperit modum,
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              quo aurum ſerico intermiſtum nere liceret
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              firmo opere: antea enim facilè ob inæquali­
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              tatem diſſoluebatur textura. </s>
              <s id="s.011621">Primo inuento
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              cum paucis diebus operi vacaret, quęſtum
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              annuum quinquaginta aureorum coronato­
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              rum faciebat: ſecundo ducentorum. </s>
              <s id="s.011622">Affir­
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              mabat ſi poliendi auri negociatio toto anno
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              perducaret, ad mille aureos coronatos lu­
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              crum acceſſurum. </s>
              <s id="s.011623">Ita in magnis parua, in
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              paruis magna induſtria hominem alit, talia
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              autem innumera. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.011624">
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              Honoratue
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              Ianius
                <expan abbr="Valẽ-tinus">Valen­
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                tinus</expan>
              Prin­
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              cipis Hiſpa­
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              niarum præ­
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              ceptor.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.011625">
                <margin.target id="marg1614"/>
              2.de natura
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              deorum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.011626">Sunt etiam ſubtilitatis proprię artifici,
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1615"/>
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              non arti, exempla: vt Ilias Homeri mem­
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              brana inſcripta, quæ nucis cortice contine­
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              batur: Nauis eburnea, quam apicula pinnis
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              abſconderet. </s>
              <s id="s.011627">Propè miraculum accedit ſta­
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              tua Memnonis, quæ oriente Sole quoties
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              illuſtraretur,
                <expan abbr="ſonitũ">ſonitum</expan>
                <expan abbr="magnũ">magnum</expan>
              edebat. </s>
              <s id="s.011628">Nec fabu­
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              loſa hiſtoria, cuius meminit grauis author
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              Cornelius Tacitus, & Strabo audiſſe illum
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              refert. </s>
              <s id="s.011629">Erat enim Thebis Ægypti, vbi Nilo
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              ſuperato locus eſt qui Syringa dicitur. </s>
              <s id="s.011630">Ipſius
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              ſtatuæ ſolum inferior medietas ſuperarat,
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              nam ſuperiorem vmbilico tenus olim Cam­
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              byſes Perſarum rex ſuſtulerat: & tamen
                <expan abbr="tã-tula">tan­
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                tula</expan>
              pars adhuc ſonum reddebat. </s>
              <s id="s.011631">Refert Pau­
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              ſanias, qui illum vidit, audiuitque, ſonum il­
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              lum ſimillimum fuiſſe lyræ fidibus cùm
                <expan abbr="frã-guntur">fran­
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                guntur</expan>
              . </s>
              <s id="s.011632">Quadriga olim opus Myrmecidis
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              quam muſca integeret: aut Callicatridis ex
                <lb/>
              ipſo ebore formicæ, quarum partes aliis
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              oculis aſſequi nequirent. </s>
              <s id="s.011633">In Ægypto refert
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              Ioan. </s>
              <s id="s.011634">Leo factam publicis catenam. </s>
              <s id="s.011635">Miraris?
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              </s>
              <s id="s.011636">in Germania facta eſt, Mediolanum delata.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.011637">Pulex egregius capillo vinctus, cui catena
                <lb/>
              annexa erat, paſcebatur. </s>
              <s id="s.011638">Hęc ne ſunt ſtulti­
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              tiæ potius, an luxuriæ, an ſubtilitatis argu­
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              menta? </s>
              <s id="s.011639">Noſtra quoque ætate caueæ è buxo
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              fabricantur, auellanæ magnitudine, cum aue
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              intus perfecta: quodque mirum magis eſt, in
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              horarum ſeptem ſpatio. </s>
              <s id="s.011640">Principi Vrbini &
                <lb/>
              hoc noſtra ætate contigit: dono datus eſt
                <lb/>
              annulus, qui indice exciperetur, gemmam
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              verò haberet in qua horologium
                <expan abbr="perfectũ">perfectum</expan>
              ,
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              quodque præter lineam horas diſtinguen­
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              tem vno ictu per ſingula horaria ſpatia ge­
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              ſtante admoneret. </s>
              <s id="s.011641">Hęc tamen admirandę
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              ſubtilitatis opera, nec diuturna eſſe poſſunt,
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              nec vtilia, vt quę momentis ſingulis pręim­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1616"/>
                <lb/>
              pediantur, ſed ſolam pariunt admirationem
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              atque ideo artifici magis quàm emptori pro­
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              ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.011642">Vera enim tenuitas vt propriè cœleſtis
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              cuiuſdam naturę eſt argumentum, & miſtio-</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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