Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="227"/>
              hearth, for it does not project beyond the wall. </s>
              <s>The hide of the bellows is
                <lb/>
              fixed to the bellows-boards with its own peculiar kind of iron nails. </s>
              <s>It joins
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              both bellows-boards to the head, and over it there are cross strips of
                <lb/>
              hide fixed to the bellows-boards with broad-headed nails, and similarly
                <lb/>
              fixed to the head. </s>
              <s>The middle board of the bellows rests on an iron bar,
                <lb/>
              to which it is fastened with iron nails clinched on both ends, so that it cannot
                <lb/>
              move; the iron bar is fixed between two upright posts, through which it
                <lb/>
              penetrates. </s>
              <s>Higher up on these upright posts there is a wooden axle, with
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              iron journals which revolve in the holes in the posts. </s>
              <s>In the middle of
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              this axle there is mortised a lever, fixed with iron nails to prevent it from
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              flying out; the lever is five and a half feet long, and its posterior end is
                <lb/>
              engaged in the iron ring of an iron rod which reaches to the “tail” of the
                <lb/>
              lowest bellows-board, and there engages another similar ring. </s>
              <s>And so when
                <lb/>
              the workman pulls down the lever, the lower part of the bellows is raised and
                <lb/>
              drives the wind into the nozzle; then the wind, penetrating through the hole
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              in the middle bellows-board, which is called the air-hole, lifts up the upper
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              part of the bellows, upon whose upper board is a piece of lead, heavy enough
                <lb/>
              to press down that part of the bellows again, and this being pressed down
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              blows a blast through the nozzle. </s>
              <s>This is the principle of the double bellows,
                <lb/>
              which is peculiar to the iron hoop where are placed the triangular crucibles in
                <lb/>
              which copper ore is smelted and copper is melted.</s>
            </p>
            <figure number="130"/>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>A—IRON HOOP. B—DOUBLE BELLOWS. C—ITS NOZZLE. D—LEVER.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>I have spoken of the furnaces and the iron hoop; I will now speak of
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              the muffles and the crucibles. </s>
              <s>The muffle is made of clay, in the shape
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              of an inverted gutter tile; it covers the scorifiers, lest coal dust fall into
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              them and interfere with the assay. </s>
              <s>It is a palm and a half broad, and the
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              height, which corresponds with the mouth of the furnace, is generally a palm, </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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