Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

Table of figures

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              runque latet vſus rei cum ipſa: nam nec
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              bellicorum tormentorum, nec typorum qui­
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              bus libri imprimuntur vtilitas, aut neceſ­
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              ſitas, ante artis inuentionem innotuit.
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.011809">
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              Chymica in­
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              uenta, aut
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              nondum no­
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              ta, aut ab­
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              ſoleta.</s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.011810">
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              Cornua vt
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              molliantur.</s>
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              <s id="s.011811">Eſt & chymicæ artis opus mollire cor­
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              nua, quod longa coctione fit, addito præ­
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              ſertim cineris modico, aut calcis in aquam
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              contingit hoc non ante octauam horam:
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              fiunt ex his capuli, ac manubria gladio­
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              rum, pectines, latrunculi. </s>
              <s id="s.011812">Atramentariæ
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              autem pyxides, thecæ, vaſáque alia etſi
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              eodem modo fiant, aliud tamen eſt Gal­
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              lorum hac in arte inuentum, ac longè præ­
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              ſtantius. </s>
              <s id="s.011813">In cornu vacuum, vt ſæpe vidi,
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              ferrum acutum infigunt, ipſumque oleo
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              illitum cornu, ignique expoſitum circum­
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              uertunt aſſiduè, interim canalem ex ære
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              habent cornu palmo longius, in imo adeò
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              arctum, vt quouis cornu ſit anguſtius, in
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              initio paulò latiùs, quàm vt bouis, aut bu­
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              bale cornu poſſit excipere, rectum ad vn­
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              guem, quem in igne parte, quæ eſt anguſtior
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              altera extra ignem prominente tandiu ca­
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              lefaciunt, donec latior pars quæ prominet
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              manu citra periculum apprehendi poſſit:
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              tunc cornu GD parte tenuiore, ſcilicet D in
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              canalem æreum impoſitum, tereti cimeo
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              malleóque intruditur, donec D fermè ad
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              B perueniat, inde paruo pòſt interuallo an­
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              tequam refrixerit excuſſum ligno, & mal­
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              leo cornu ex parte B, canalis rurſus contra­
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              ria parte latiore ſcilicet C canali intrudi­
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              tur, cuneoque eodem ac malleo donec ictu
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              deſcendere non vltrà videatur: tunc verò
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              canalis cum cornu in aquam immittitur,
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              ibique refrigeratum, ac duratum poſt ho­
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              ras extrahitur rectum, ac ſolidum vtraque
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              ex parte, ac teres cornu. </s>
              <s id="s.011814">Nec pòſt niſi ex­
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              calefactum ſinuatur: vnde tincturam abſ­
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              que igne adhibere oportet, Vas verò AB
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              ex ære melius Cyprio conficitur, & leuiſſi­
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              mum intus eſſe debet, & dum igne caleſcit
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              ac ſuper prunas, aſſiduè circumuerti. </s>
              <s id="s.011815">Mani­
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              feſtum eſt autem quod plura talia illi conſi­
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              milia habere oporteat, tabulámque cum fo­
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              raminibus, quibuſdam cornu intruditur fir­
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              miter inhæreat. </s>
              <s id="s.011816">Ex cornibus igitur hac ar­
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              te mutatis in rectam figuram, ſolidámque
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              ſubſtantiam, & thecæ atramentariæ, & vaſa
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              alia iucundi, & vtilis vſus fieri ſolent. </s>
              <s id="s.011817">Ma­
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              nifeſtum eſt autem, quòd aceto & aqua ar­
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              dente, ac calchanto cornua frigida vel mol­
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              liter tepida denigrantur. </s>
              <s id="s.011818">Adduntur etiam
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              quæ coloris ſubſtantiam retineant.
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.011819">
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              Oſſa vt mol­
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              liantur.</s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.011820">Referunt ſimili ratione & oſſa ipſa mol­
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              liri ſuccis apij millefolij, raphani, praſ­
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              ſij cum aceto, ſi in his immerſa fimo obruan­
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              tur equino. </s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.011821">Sed hæc mittamus, ad diuerſarum artium
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              ſubtilitatis argumenta tranſeundum eſt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.011822">Quinque ex architectura mihi deſumere
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              volo. </s>
              <s id="s.011823">Primùm quidem vrbium munitionem
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              Conſtat hæc triplici arte, prohibendo, re­
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              pulſa, ſecuritate defendentium: nec eſt præter
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              id inuenire quicquam. </s>
              <s id="s.011824">Prohibemus tribus,
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              ſcilicet aqua foſſa, muro. </s>
              <s id="s.011825">Foſſa difficilem
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              facit acceſſum, ad propugnandum non pa­
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              rum ob deſcenſum, ſed ob aſcenſum longè
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              magis: ob id præceps eſſe debet vtraque
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              ripa, ſed maximè quæ iuxta vrbem eſt, aut
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              oppidum: latitudo paſſuum quadraginta
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              profunda, multiplex: nam ſi triplicem fece­
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              ris, non ſolùm inexpugnabilis, ſed deſpe­
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              rationem affert his qui oppugnare nituntur.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.011826">Hæc habeat ſeptem paſſus ſcaturientis aquę:
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              quoniam quæ naſcitur intercipi, nec tolli
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              vlla arte poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.011827">Dum verò aſſiſtit, ingre­
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              dientes mergit: quos non mergit, lubrico
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              pede facto & graues aqua, prohibet ab aſ­
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              cenſu: prohibet & cuniculos, vt vix effodi
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              poſſint: at his muri, ſubruuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.011828">Accedit
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              quòd iniecta diſſipat ac diſſoluit: prohibét­
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              que ne ignis iniectus graſſetur in murorum
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              perniciem. </s>
              <s id="s.011829">Muri craſſitudine 30. paſſuum,
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              cæmento tenui, lapide lateritio, exterius
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              viuo, duro, ac in rotundam figuram pau­
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              lulum prominente. </s>
              <s id="s.011830">Muri enim ſimplices in
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              ſingula brachia ( hoc enim genus menſuræ
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              explicatum eſt ( lateres apud nos 20. con­
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              tinent: mediocres autem 32. vt craſſilij.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.011831">Altitudo illius paſſus 100. nam 10. ſub foſ­
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              ſa, 60. ad ſummum foſſæ, 30. autem ſuprà,
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              aggere interius craſiſſimo fulciatur. </s>
              <s id="s.011832">Hæc in
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              oppidis, minora vrbibus ſufficiunt, in qui­
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              bus præſidium eſt in milite. </s>
              <s id="s.011833">Si tamen ad­
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              ſint, reddetur vrbs ipſa omninò inexpu­
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              gnabilis. </s>
              <s id="s.011834">Repulſa conſtat aggeribus, ac tur­
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              ribus in ſingulos 200. pedes, muro in medio
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              recto, ſed ſuperiùs in vrbem inclinato: Nam
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              ſic nec prohibet ictus turrium, & hoſtis
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              ignei globi inanes redduntur. </s>
              <s id="s.011835">Summa mu­
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              ri pars rotunda, ne diſiecta machinis fru­
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              ſta occidant defenſores. </s>
              <s id="s.011836">In interiore parte
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              canalis, per quem tutò ire poſſint cuſtodes.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.011837">Terra quoque in imo cauata, vt ſonent
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              ictus cuniculos ſuffodientium, & milites ſe­
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              curi circumambulabunt. </s>
              <s id="s.011838">Fornicum ratio ſic
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              conſtat: vt rotundior eſt, eò firmior, vſque
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              ad perfecti circuli figuram. </s>
              <s id="s.011839">Craſſiores ab
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              imo, & vt magis aſcendunt tenuiores vſque
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              ad apicem. </s>
              <s id="s.011840">Latera vtrinque vbi primùm ſi­
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              nuari cœperint, ex latis ac tenuioribus la­
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              teribus conſtant, vt frequenti futura com­
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              pages magis cohæreat. </s>
              <s id="s.011841">Fundamentum pro­
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              minet, & ſi muro inſiſtat, exciditur mu­
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              rus, vt plutei inſtar fundamentum fornicis
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              ſuſcipiat, ac retineat. </s>
              <s id="s.011842">Illius craſſitudo mu­
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              ri, comparatione ſeſquialtera eſſe debet.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.011843">Sed adhuc firmior & craſſior, qui ſubſter­
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              nitur. </s>
              <s id="s.011844">In ſingulos centum paſſus ſtercoraria
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              cloaca; puteuſque: nam aquæ neceſſitas ab­
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              ſcedere cogit milites, & vtilitas aduerſu­
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              ignes, & vt feruafacta in caput hoſtium
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              proiiciatur, mille quoque alia commoda
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              præbet. </s>
              <s id="s.011845">Stercus aërem corrumpit. </s>
              <s id="s.011846">Viæ ve­
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              rò plures è muris occultæ ad intima ciuita­
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              tis multa arcent inconuenientia, commo­
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              dumque militibus defendentibus ingens af­
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              ferunt, nec cauſam receſſus illis relinquunt. </s>
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