1lighted, and that it be open to receive a great
deal of Light and Sun, and a ſufficient Quan
tity of wholſome Air. Let nothing be within
View that can offend the Eye with a melan
choly Shade. Let all Things ſmile and ſeem
to welcome the Arrival of your Gueſts. Let
thoſe who are already entered be in Doubt
whether they ſhall for Pleaſure continue where
they are, or paſs on further to thoſe other Beau
ties which tempt them on. Let them be led
from ſquare Rooms into round ones, and again
from round into ſquare, and ſo into others
of mixed Lines, neither all round nor all
ſquare; and let the Paſſage into the very in
nermoſt Apartments be, if poſſible, without the
leaſt Aſcent or Deſcent, but all be upon one
even Floor, or at leaſt let the Aſcents be as
eaſy as may be.
deal of Light and Sun, and a ſufficient Quan
tity of wholſome Air. Let nothing be within
View that can offend the Eye with a melan
choly Shade. Let all Things ſmile and ſeem
to welcome the Arrival of your Gueſts. Let
thoſe who are already entered be in Doubt
whether they ſhall for Pleaſure continue where
they are, or paſs on further to thoſe other Beau
ties which tempt them on. Let them be led
from ſquare Rooms into round ones, and again
from round into ſquare, and ſo into others
of mixed Lines, neither all round nor all
ſquare; and let the Paſſage into the very in
nermoſt Apartments be, if poſſible, without the
leaſt Aſcent or Deſcent, but all be upon one
even Floor, or at leaſt let the Aſcents be as
eaſy as may be.
CHAP. III.
That the Parts and Members of a Houſe are different both in Nature and
Species, and that they are to be adorned in various Manners.
Species, and that they are to be adorned in various Manners.
But as the Members or Parts of a Houſe
are very different one from the other both
in Nature and Species, it may now be proper
to ſay ſomething of each, having indeed pur
poſely reſerved them for this very Place: For
there are many Parts which it matters very
little whether you make round or ſquare, pro
vided they are fit for the Purpoſes to which they
are intended; but it is not equally indifferent
what Number they are in, and how they are
diſpoſed; and it is neceſſary that ſome ſhould
be larger, as the inner Courts, while ſome re
quire a ſmaller Area, as the Chambers and all
the private Apartments. Some others muſt be
in a Medium between the others, as Eating
parlours and the Veſtibule. We have already
in another Place given our Thoughts of the
apt Diſpoſition of each Member of a Houſe,
and as to the reſpective Difference of their
Areas, there is no Occaſion to ſpeak here, be
cauſe they are infinite both from the different
Humours of Men, and the different Ways of
Living in different Places. The Ancients, be
fore their Houſes made either a Portico, or at
leaſt a Porch, not always with ſtraight Lines,
but ſometimes with curve, after the Manner of
the Theatre. Next to the Portico lay the Veſ
tibule, which was almoſt conſtantly circular;
behind that was the Paſſage into the inner Court,
and thoſe other Parts of the Houſe which we
have already ſpoken of in their proper Places,
whereof to enter upon a freſh Deſcription
would make us too prolix. The Things that
we ought not to omit are theſe. Where the
Area is round it muſt be proportioned accord
ing to the Deſign of the Temple; unleſs there
be this Difference, that here the Height of the
Walls muſt be greater than in the Temple, for
Reaſons which you ſhall know ſhortly. If it
be quadrangular, then in ſome Particulars it
will differ from thoſe Inſtructions which we
have given for ſacred Edifices, as alſo for pro
fane ones of a publick Nature; but yet in
ſome others it will agree with the Council
chambers and Courts. According to the ge
neral Cuſtom of the Ancients, the Breadth of
the Porch was either two thirds of its Length,
or elſe the Length was one whole Breadth and
two thirds more, or elſe the Length was one
whole Breadth with the Addition of two fifths.
To each of theſe Proportions the Ancients ſeem
always to have allowed the Height of the Wall to
be equal to its whole Length, and one third more.
By taking the actual Dimenſion of a great many
Structures, I find that ſquare Platforms require
a different Height of Wall where they are to
be covered with vaulted Roofs, from what they
do when their Roof is to be flat: As alſo that
ſome Difference is to be made between the
Proportions of a large Building and thoſe of a
ſmall one: Which ariſes from the different In
terval that there is from the Beholder's Eye,
which muſt in this Caſe be conſidered as the
Center, to the extreme Height which it ſur
veys: But of thoſe Things we ſhall treat elſe
where. We muſt Proportion the Areas of our
Apartments to our Roof, and our Roof to the
Length of the Rafters with which it is to be
covered in. I call that a moderate Roof which
may be ſupported by a Piece of Timber of a
moderate Length. But beſides the Proportions
which I have already treated of, there are ſeve
ral other proper Dimenſions and Agreements of
Lines which I ſhall here endeavour to explain
as clearly and ſuccinctly as poſſible. If the
Length of the Platform be twice its Breadth;
are very different one from the other both
in Nature and Species, it may now be proper
to ſay ſomething of each, having indeed pur
poſely reſerved them for this very Place: For
there are many Parts which it matters very
little whether you make round or ſquare, pro
vided they are fit for the Purpoſes to which they
are intended; but it is not equally indifferent
what Number they are in, and how they are
diſpoſed; and it is neceſſary that ſome ſhould
be larger, as the inner Courts, while ſome re
quire a ſmaller Area, as the Chambers and all
the private Apartments. Some others muſt be
in a Medium between the others, as Eating
parlours and the Veſtibule. We have already
in another Place given our Thoughts of the
apt Diſpoſition of each Member of a Houſe,
and as to the reſpective Difference of their
Areas, there is no Occaſion to ſpeak here, be
cauſe they are infinite both from the different
Humours of Men, and the different Ways of
Living in different Places. The Ancients, be
fore their Houſes made either a Portico, or at
leaſt a Porch, not always with ſtraight Lines,
but ſometimes with curve, after the Manner of
the Theatre. Next to the Portico lay the Veſ
tibule, which was almoſt conſtantly circular;
behind that was the Paſſage into the inner Court,
and thoſe other Parts of the Houſe which we
have already ſpoken of in their proper Places,
whereof to enter upon a freſh Deſcription
would make us too prolix. The Things that
we ought not to omit are theſe. Where the
Area is round it muſt be proportioned accord
ing to the Deſign of the Temple; unleſs there
be this Difference, that here the Height of the
Walls muſt be greater than in the Temple, for
Reaſons which you ſhall know ſhortly. If it
be quadrangular, then in ſome Particulars it
will differ from thoſe Inſtructions which we
have given for ſacred Edifices, as alſo for pro
fane ones of a publick Nature; but yet in
ſome others it will agree with the Council
chambers and Courts. According to the ge
neral Cuſtom of the Ancients, the Breadth of
the Porch was either two thirds of its Length,
or elſe the Length was one whole Breadth and
two thirds more, or elſe the Length was one
whole Breadth with the Addition of two fifths.
To each of theſe Proportions the Ancients ſeem
always to have allowed the Height of the Wall to
be equal to its whole Length, and one third more.
By taking the actual Dimenſion of a great many
Structures, I find that ſquare Platforms require
a different Height of Wall where they are to
be covered with vaulted Roofs, from what they
do when their Roof is to be flat: As alſo that
ſome Difference is to be made between the
Proportions of a large Building and thoſe of a
ſmall one: Which ariſes from the different In
terval that there is from the Beholder's Eye,
which muſt in this Caſe be conſidered as the
Center, to the extreme Height which it ſur
veys: But of thoſe Things we ſhall treat elſe
where. We muſt Proportion the Areas of our
Apartments to our Roof, and our Roof to the
Length of the Rafters with which it is to be
covered in. I call that a moderate Roof which
may be ſupported by a Piece of Timber of a
moderate Length. But beſides the Proportions
which I have already treated of, there are ſeve
ral other proper Dimenſions and Agreements of
Lines which I ſhall here endeavour to explain
as clearly and ſuccinctly as poſſible. If the
Length of the Platform be twice its Breadth;