Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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be painted but the moſt comely and beautiful
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Faces; which we are told may be of no ſmall
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Conſequence to the Conception of the Lady,
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and the Beauty of the Children. </
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<
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>Such as are
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tormented with a Fever are not a little refreſh
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ed by the Sight of Pictures of Springs, Caſcades
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and Streams of Water, which any one may
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eaſily experience; for if at any Time you find
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it difficult to compoſe yourſelf to reſt in the
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Night, only turn your Imagination upon ſuch
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clear Waters as you can remember any where
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to have ſeen, either of Springs, Lakes or Streams,
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and that burning Drowth of the Mind, which
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kept you waking, ſhall preſently be moiſtened,
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and a pleaſant Forgetfulneſs ſhall creep upon
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you, till you fall into a fine Sleep. </
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<
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>To theſe
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Delicacies we muſt add thoſe of well-diſpoſed
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Gardens and beautiful Trees, together with
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Porticoes in the Garden, where you may enjoy
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either Sun or Shade. </
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<
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>To theſe add ſome lit
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tle pleaſant Meadow, with fine Springs of
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Water burſting out in different Places where
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leaſt expected. </
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<
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>Let the Walks be terminated
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by Trees that enjoy a perpetual Verdure, and
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particularly on that Side which is beſt ſhelter
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ed from Winds, let them be encloſed with Box,
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which is preſently injured and rotted by ſtrong
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Winds, and eſpecially by the leaſt Spray from the
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Sea. </
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>In open Places, moſt expoſed to the Sun,
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ſome ſet Myrtles, which will flouriſh extreme
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ly in the Summer: But
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Theophraſtus
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affirms,
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that the Myrtle, the Laurel, and the Ivy re
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joyce in the Shade, and therefore directs us to
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plant them thick, that they may mutually
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ſhelter one another from the Sun by their own
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Shade: Nor let there be wanting Cypreſs
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trees cloathed with Ivy. </
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<
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>Let the Ground alſo
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be here and there thrown into thoſe Figures
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that are moſt commended in the Platforms of
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Houſes, Circles, Semicircles, and the like, and
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ſurrounded with Laurels, Cedars, Junipers
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with their Branches intermixed, and twining
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one into the other.
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Phiteon
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of
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Agrigentum,
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though but a private Man, had in his Houſe
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three hundred Vaſes of Stone, each whereof
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would hold an hundred Amphoras, or about
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fifteen of our Hogſheads. </
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<
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>Such Vaſes are very
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fine Ornaments for Fountains in Gardens. </
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<
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>The
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Ancients uſed to make their Walks into a Kind
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of Arbours by Means of Vines ſupported by
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Columns of Marble of the
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Corinthian
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Order,
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which were ten of their own Diameters in
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Height. </
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<
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>The Trees ought to be planted in
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Rows exactly even, and anſwering to one an
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other exactly upon ſtraight Lines; and the
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Gardens ſhould be enriched with rare Plants,
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and ſuch as are in moſt Eſteem among the Phy
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ſicians. </
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>It was a good agreeable Piece of Flat
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tery among the ancient Gardeners, to trace
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their Maſters Names in Box, or in ſweet-ſmel
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ing Herbs, in Parterres. </
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<
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>Roſe-trees, intermix
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ed with Pomegranates and Cornels, are very
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beautiful in a Hedge: But the Poet ſays,</
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Your Hedge of Oak with Plums and Cornel made,
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To yield the Cattle Food, the Maſter Shade.
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<
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>BUT perhaps this may ſuit better with a
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Farm intended for Profit, than with a Villa
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calculated chiefly for taking the Air in: And
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indeed what we are told
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Democritus
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very much
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condemned, namely, the incloſing a Garden
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with any Sort of Wall, I ſhould not blame in
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the Caſe before us, but am rather of Opinion,
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that it is a very proper Defence againſt Malice
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or Rapine. </
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<
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>Nor am I diſpleaſed with the plac
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ing ridiculous Statues in Gardens, provided they
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have nothing in them obſcene. </
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<
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>Such ſhould
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be the Diſpoſition of the Villa. </
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<
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>In Houſes in
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Town, the inner Apartments and Parlours
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ſhould not in the leaſt give way, either in
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Chearfulneſs or Beauty, to the Villa; but in
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the more publick Rooms, ſuch as the Hall and
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Veſtibule, you ſhould not aim ſo much at De
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licacy, as to forget a decent Gravity. </
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<
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>The Por
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ticoes of the Houſes of the principal Citizens
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may have a compleat regular Entablature over
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the Columns; but thoſe of lower Degree,
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ſhould have only Arches. </
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<
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>Vaulted Roofs are
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proper in both. </
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<
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>The whole Entablature muſt
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be in Height one fourth Part of the Shaft. </
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<
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>If
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there is to be a ſecond Order of Columns over
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the firſt, let that ſecond Order be one fourth
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Part ſhorter than the lower one; and if there
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is to be a third Order over this, let it be one
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fifth Part ſhorter than that below it. </
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<
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>In each
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of theſe the Pedeſtal or Plinth under each Or
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der of Columns, muſt be in Height one fourth
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Part of the Column which it ſupports; but
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where there is to be only one ſingle Row of
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Columns, the Proportions may be taken from
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thoſe of profane Works of a publick Nature.
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<
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>A private Houſe ſhould never have ſuch a Pe
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diment as may ſeem to rival the Majeſty of a
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Temple. </
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<
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>However, the Front of the Veſtibule
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may be raiſed ſomewhat above the reſt of the
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Building, and be adorned with a ſmaller Pedi
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ment. </
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<
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>The reſt of the Front on each Side this
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Pediment may be adorned with a ſmall Plinth,
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which may riſe ſomewhat higher at the princi</
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