Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000895">
                <pb pagenum="378" xlink:href="016/01/027.jpg"/>
              fit penetrabilis: Magnitudine, ſeu propria,
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              ſeu diuturnitate temporis: hoc enim nemini
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              obſcurum eſſe poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000896">Denique reſpirationis
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg84"/>
                <lb/>
              impedimento: non ignorant hoc nautæ, qui
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              exiguo foculo ollam ſuperponentes ollę, om­
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              nes feruere cogunt, vnde paupertati con­
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              ſultum. </s>
              <s id="s.000897">Sed oportet
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              vt dixi ) ne proprio
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg85"/>
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              fumo extinguatur igniculus, paululum illum
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              reſpirare. </s>
              <s id="s.000898">Ob id qui impenſæ conſulunt, fur­
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              nos exiguos ollæ in modum ex ære confi­
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              ciunt, clatratos in imo ſtrictè ex ferro, vt
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              cinis excidere poſſit. </s>
              <s id="s.000899">Vltimus modus eſt,
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              cum cogitur ignis, atque ob id calx aqua ac­
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              cenditur: nam calor in fornace acquiſitus
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              ac latitans, cùm (vt dixi) ex genere ignis ſit,
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              exiguæ aquæ frigore intus concluditur,
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              tum motu, tum coitione ipſa in ignem
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              euadit.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg86"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000900">
                <margin.target id="marg82"/>
              Ignis igne
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              calidior eſt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000901">
                <margin.target id="marg83"/>
              Ignis ſex
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              modis vali­
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              dior euadit.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000902">
                <margin.target id="marg84"/>
              Modus co­
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              quendi cum
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              modico igne.</s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000903">
                <margin.target id="marg85"/>
              Cur calx
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              aqua accen­
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              datur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000904">
                <margin.target id="marg86"/>
              Calx quæ
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              optima.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000905">Optima igitur calx eſt, quæ ſuperfuſa
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              aqua maximos edit ſtrepitus, & ignem
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              concipit, ligna accendens proxima. </s>
              <s id="s.000906">Eſt hęc
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              plerunque coloris cinerei: nam in candida
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              iam ignis exhalauit, quia aër ingreſſus eſt:
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              candor enim fit ingrediente neceſſariò aë­
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              re. </s>
              <s id="s.000907">Talis autem ex ſolidioribus lapidibus fit:
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              nam lapides, vt ſolidiores extiterint, maio­
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              rem & diuturniorem calorem retinent. </s>
              <s id="s.000908">Quo­
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              modo verò calor in his quæ ardent relin­
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              quatur, & motu ac coitione ignis accen­
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              datur, inferius oſtendemus. </s>
              <s id="s.000909">Verùm motus
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              non ſolùm penetrare magis cogit, ſed & ca­
                <arrow.to.target n="marg87"/>
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              lorem ipſum accendit, atque ( vt dixi ignem
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              igne calidiorem reddit. </s>
              <s id="s.000910">Nihil mirum igitur
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              eſt fulmini tantam ineſſe vim, ac ignem
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              illum, quaſi ab aliorum ignium natura alie­
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              num miracula quædam efficere. </s>
              <s id="s.000911">Namque ob
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              motum celerem non ſolùm magis penetrat,
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              ſed ignis ille multò calidior reliquo omni
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              igne exiſtit. </s>
              <s id="s.000912">Itaque omnia animalia præter
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              hominem ſolo contactu occidit, hominem
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              verò vix vnquam euadere licet. </s>
              <s id="s.000913">Euaſit tamen
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg88"/>
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              Ioannes Maria Cardanus, & ſuperuixit raro
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              miraculo. </s>
              <s id="s.000914">Quis verò eſt alius ignis, qui ſolo
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              contactu occidat ( hoc igitur ei
                <emph type="italics"/>
              )
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              proprium
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              eſt, quòd calidiſſimus ſit calidiſſimorum, at­
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              que ( vt ita dicere liceat
                <emph type="italics"/>
              )
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ignis ignium.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000915">Quamobrem & multum refert, an procul, &
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              & ex alto veniat, aut prope. </s>
              <s id="s.000916">Itaque illæſa
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              quandoque crumena pecunias colliquat: ne­
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              que eſt enim hoc aut fabuloſum, aut mirum.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000917">Namque quod lædit, aut mole, aut mora
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              corrumpit: hic cùm tenuiſſimus ſit, crume­
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              nam non diſcerpit: cùm verò velociſſimè
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              moueatur, non hæret, atque ob id crumenæ
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              innoxium. </s>
              <s id="s.000918">Tranſire autem nec hærere ob
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              ſubtilitatem in crumenam docet aër, qui &
                <lb/>
              ipſe vacua diducta crumena ingreditur, at­
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              que illam implet: quod fieri non poſſet, ni
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              per abditos meatus ingrederetur, quando­
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              quidem ipſius os diligenter obſtructum ſit.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000919">Ergo ignis ſcintilla, fulminiſque pars aëre
                <lb/>
              ipſo longè tenuior, poſtquàm ingreſſa fue­
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              rit, metallo infigitur, ac præſtantiſſima illa
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              vi, tum impetu, ipſum repentè liquat. </s>
              <s id="s.000920">Hanc
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              tam excellentem caloris ac ſiccitatis ïmmo­
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              dicæ vim, velut raram, & ob raritatem oc­
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              cultam, quidam turpiter proprietatem ap­
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              pellarunt, cùm conſtet immodicum eſſe ca­
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              lorem, ac ( vt dixi ) ignis ignium. </s>
              <s id="s.000921">Mirum
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              autem minimè eſſe debet, ignem hunc, aut
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              alium quempiam, lapides accendere poſſe.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000922">Nam ferrum haud candens, tamen accen­
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              dit lignum & ardere facit, & lignum ſul­
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              phur, quamvis lignum non ardeat & ſul­
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              phur vitæ aquam vocatam: quod enim ſo­
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              lidius eſt, quod potentia tenuius eſt euincit.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000923">In ſolidiſſima igitur materia ignis feruen­
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              tior lapides accendere poterit. </s>
              <s id="s.000924">Latet autem
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              hoc, quod magno vſui eſſe poteſt ad vr­
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              bium expugnationem. </s>
              <s id="s.000925">Oportet autem cùm
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              magno motu hoc ignium genus neceſſariò
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              coniunctum eſſe, & ( vt dixi) in ſolidiſſima
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              materia. </s>
              <s id="s.000926">Sed cur fulmen columnas non fe­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg90"/>
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              rit, non carinas? </s>
              <s id="s.000927">Rarò quidem hæc ferit, non
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              tamen nunquam: nam Florentiæ in æde
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              maxima, ſeu potius in ædis ambitu, vidi­
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              mus columnam fulgure percuſſam ac viola­
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              tam: non tamen ferit frequunter, nec adeò
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              diſiicit, quòd ob rotunditatem ictus labatur.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000928">Carinas non ferit eadem ratione, niſi rarò:
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg91"/>
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              nam vltra quinque cubitos ſub terra deſcen­
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              dere negatur. </s>
              <s id="s.000929">Humilis autem eſt carina na­
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              uis, ac celſa maius, quam frequenter tangit.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000930">Ergo certum eſt contra fulgura auxilium,
                <lb/>
              profundis ſpecubus ſe abdere: tutiùs enim
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              hoc quàm vel lauro coronari, aut vituli ma­
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              rini pelle tegi, aut æquilæ, aut hyacinthum
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              lapidem geſtare: nam negant hæc fulmine
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              tangi. </s>
              <s id="s.000931">Quidam ficum pro lauro ſcripſerunt:
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              laurum cohibere comitiales & dæmonas, id
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              eſt, perſuaſionem illam meticuloſam. </s>
              <s id="s.000932">At de
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              hyacintho inferius diſputabimus: nam non
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              leues ſunt autores, qui hoc affirmant. </s>
              <s id="s.000933">Fulmi­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg92"/>
                <lb/>
              nis admiranda vis olim fuit, ſed deſiit eſſe,
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              bellicorum tormentorum nunc effectibus &
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              copia: parum enim abeſſe videntur à fulmi­
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              nis violentia. </s>
              <s id="s.000934">Illud vnde veniat, & quam
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              procul, neſcimus, neque quantum ſecum
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              ponderis ferat. </s>
              <s id="s.000935">Sunt etiam qui affirment
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              ſolum ignem eſſe cum impetu, lapidem nul­
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              lum. </s>
              <s id="s.000936">Hoc ſolùm certò ſcimus, turres inte­
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              gras quandoque vno ictu diſiici. </s>
              <s id="s.000937">Cardani è
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              turre vnica, quæ ſola ſupereſt, ſed antiqua
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              tamen, laterum pluſquàm 12000. vno ictu
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              excuſſit, ac diſiecit. </s>
              <s id="s.000938">At machinæ hæ 60.
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              pleræque pondo ferri per 5000. paſſuum
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              ( mirabile certè dictu, ni dicto experientia
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              fidem faceret ) ferunt: eædem muros qua­
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              tiunt, excutiuntque turritas vrbes, nec vlla
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              vis tanto malo reſiſtere poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000939">Leuiſſima
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              ære ex Cyprio factitio tubæ in modum ca­
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              nalis efficitur. </s>
              <s id="s.000940">Neque arctiores, aut latiores
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              in imo eſſe decet, quippe latiores à pila non
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              exactè cluduntur, & ideò minus habent im­
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              petus. </s>
              <s id="s.000941">Quòd ſi cludantur, periculum fracturæ
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg93"/>
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              ſubeunt, ob pulueris multitudinem: Arctio­
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              res autem ni longiores efficiantur, quantum
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              oportet pulueris minimè ſuſcipiunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000942">Si lon­
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              giores in imo fiant, breuiores euadunt ſupe­
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              riùs, ob idque multum virium. </s>
              <s id="s.000943">Quòd ſi non
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              quantum oportet pila deſcendat ferrea, reli­
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              cto vacuo debiliorem ictum reddunt, & ma­
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              chinam agitant, ac etiam quandoque fran­
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              gunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000944">Et tamen artifices, magno Principum
                <lb/>
              malo, ne apertiſſima ratio vilior videatur,
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              menſuras quaſdam fingunt arctiores, alij
                <lb/>
              in imo, alij latiores facientes perperam,
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              cùm vna ſit ratio, vt vndique æquales
                <lb/>
              ſint, optima & ſecuriſſima. </s>
              <s id="s.000945">Machinæ ad
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              ſphærulam ponderis ratio centupla, vt </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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