Agricola, Georgius
,
De re metallica
,
1912/1950
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of this powder there are mixed two
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unciae
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of yellow litharge, likewise crushed.
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<
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>This mixture is put into a scorifier large enough to hold it, and placed under
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the muffle of a hot furnace; when the charge flows like water, which occurs
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after half an hour, it is taken out of the furnace and poured on to a stone,
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and when it has hardened it has the appearance of glass, and this is likewise
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crushed. </
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<
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>This powder is sprinkled over any metalliferous ore which does
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not easily melt when we are assaying it, and it causes the slag to exude.</
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<
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>Others, in place of litharge, substitute lead ash,
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22
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which is made in the
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following way: sulphur is thrown into lead which has been melted in a
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crucible, and it soon becomes covered with a sort of scum; when this is
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removed, sulphur is again thrown in, and the skin which forms is again taken
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off; this is frequently repeated, in fact until all the lead is turned into
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powder. </
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<
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>There is a powerful flux compound which is made from one
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uncía
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each of prepared saltpetre, melted salt, glass-gall, and argol, and one-third
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of an
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uncia
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of litharge and a
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bes
<
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"/>
of glass ground to powder; this flux, being
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added to an equal weight of ore, liquefies it. </
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<
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>A more powerful flux is made by
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placing together in a pot, smeared on the inside with litharge, equal portions
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of white argol, common salt, and prepared saltpetre, and these are heated
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until a white powder is obtained from them, and this is mixed with as much
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litharge; one part of this compound is mixed with two parts of the ore which
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is to be assayed. </
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<
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>A still more powerful flux than this is made out of ashes
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of black lead, saltpetre, orpiment,
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stíbíum,
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and dried lees of the
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aqua
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with
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which gold workers separate gold from silver. </
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<
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>The ashes of lead
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23
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are made from
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one pound of lead and one pound of sulphur; the lead is flattened out into
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sheets by pounding with a hammer, and placed alternately with sulphur in a
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crucible or pot, and they are heated together until the fire consumes the
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sulphur and the lead turns to ashes. </
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>
<
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>One
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líbra
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of crushed saltpetre is mixed
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with one
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libra
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of orpiment similarly ground to powder, and the two are cooked
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in an iron pan until they liquefy; they are then poured out, and after cool
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ing are again ground to powder. </
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>
<
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>A
<
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líbra
<
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"/>
of
<
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stíbíum
<
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type
="
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"/>
and a
<
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bes
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of the
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dried lees (
<
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of what?
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) are placed alternately in a crucible and heated to the
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point at which they form a button, which is similarly reduced to powder.
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</
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>
<
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>A
<
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bes
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of this powder and one
<
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"/>
líbra
<
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"/>
of the ashes of lead, as well as a
<
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líbra
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of
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powder made out of the saltpetre and orpiment, are mixed together and a
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