Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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Sort of Embelliſhment as if all you conſulted
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in raiſing your Wall, was to ſuſtain the Roof,
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not leaving any Space where you can after
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wards conveniently or diſtinctly add either the
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Dignity of Columns, the Embelliſhment of Sta
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tues, the Majeſty of Picture, or the Delicacy
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of any Incruſtation. </
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<
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>An Error of much the
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ſame Nature as this is, the Building with ſo
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little Conſideration, that though the ſame Ex
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pence might make our Structure beautiful and
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graceful, yet we neglect the Pains and Con
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trivance of effecting it: For it is undeniable
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that there may be in the mere Form or Figure
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of a Building, an innate Excellence and Beau
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ty, which ſtrikes and delights the Mind, and
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is immediately perceived where it is, as much
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as it is miſſed where it is not; for, indeed, the
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Eye is naturally a Judge and Lover of Beauty
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and Gracefulneſs, and is very critical and hard
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to pleaſe in it; neither can I give any Account
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why it ſhould always happen, that we ſhould
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be much more offended at what is wanting,
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than ready to commend what is done well;
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for ſtill we are continually thinking what fur
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ther might be added to make the Object ſtill
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more ſplendid, and are naturally diſpleaſed if
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any thing is omitted, which the moſt accurate,
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ingenious, and diligent Artiſt might poſſibly
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have procured: So that indeed we are often at
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a Loſs to ſay what it is offends us, unleſs it be
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that there is not wherewithal fully to ſatisfy our
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immoderate Deſire of Perfection. </
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<
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>This being
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the true State of the Caſe, we ſhould certainly
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endeavour, as much as in us lies, by the great
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eſt Study and Care, to make whatever Struc
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ture we raiſe as handſome, and as compleatly
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adorned as poſſibly, eſpecially if it be ſuch a
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one as every body expects to ſee in the utmoſt
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Perfection, as, for Inſtance, a publick Structure,
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and particularly a ſacred one, which no Man
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can bear to ſee naked of Ornament. </
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<
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>It is an
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other Error to apply the Ornaments peculiar to
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a publick Structure, to a private one; or, on
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the other Hand, thoſe peculiar to private Edi
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fices to one of a publick Nature: Eſpecially if
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ſuch Ornaments are any thing petty, or not
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durable, as, for Inſtance, to diſh up a publick
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Structure with ſlight or paultry Painting; for
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every Thing uſed about a publick Edifice ought,
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if poſſible, to be eternal. </
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>It is another groſs
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Error, which we ſee ſome ridiculous People
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run into, who e'er they have well begun their
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Building, fall to painting it, and decking it with
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Statues and other Embelliſhments without
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Number; all which are ſure to be ſpoiled and
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demoliſhed before the Building is finiſhed.
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<
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>We ſhould erect our Building naked, and let
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it be quite compleated before we begin to
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dreſs it with Ornaments, which ſhould always
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be our laſt Work, being beſt done at leaſure,
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when we can do it without any Impediment,
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and can take the Advantage of ſuch Opportu
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nities as may offer for that Purpoſe. </
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<
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>I would
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have the Ornaments which you affix to your
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Structure, to be the Work of various Hands,
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and thoſe moderate Maſters; but if you can
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procure any rare Pieces of greater Excellence
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and Perfection, Statues and Pictuaes like thoſe
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of a
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Phidias
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or a
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Zeuxis,
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let them be fixed only
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in Places of peculiar Dignity and Honour. </
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<
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>I
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cannot commend
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Dejoces
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the King of
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Media,
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who encompaſſed his City of
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Ecbatana
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with
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ſeven Walls, and made each of them of diffe
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rent Colours, one Purple, another Blue, another
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gilt with Silver, and one even with Gold; nor can
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I help blaming
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Caligula,
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who made his Stable
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of Marble, and the Manger of Ivory. </
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<
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>All that
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Nero
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built was covered with Gold and enriched
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with Gems.
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Heliogabalus
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was ſtill more ex
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travagantly profuſe, for he paved his Apart
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ments with Gold, and grieved that he could
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not do it with Amber. </
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<
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>Contempt is the beſt
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Reward for theſe wild Prodigals who are oſ
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tentatious of ſuch Vain-glories, or rather Fol
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lies, and who are thus profuſe of the Labours
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and Sweat of Mankind, about Things which
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are of no Manner of Uſe or Advantage to the
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main Structure, nor capable of raiſing the leaſt
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Admiration either for Ingenuity or Contrivance.</
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>I THEREFORE over and over again adviſe you
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to avoid theſe Errors; and before you begin
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your Work, thoroughly conſider the whole
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Deſign your ſelf, and take the Advice of Men
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of Skill upon it; be ſure to have a compleat
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Model of the Whole, by which examine every
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minute Part of your future Structure eight,
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nine, ten Times over, and again, after different
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Intermiſſions of Times; till there be not the
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leaſt Member from the Foundation to the
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Roof of your whole Building, within or without,
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great or ſmall, but what you have throughly
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and long weighed and conſidered, and deter
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mined of what Materials it ſhall be made,
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where placed, in what Order and Proportions,
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and to what it ſhall anſwer and bear Relation.</
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