Caverni, Raffaello, Storia del metodo sperimentale in Italia, 1891-1900

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb xlink:href="020/01/2863.jpg" pagenum="488"/>
              rito esercizio. </s>
              <s>Nè furono quegli astronomi solamente i Roberval e i Cartesii, o
                <lb/>
              altri stranieri indifferenti o plaudenti agl'immolatori della vittima del loro ri­
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              vale, ma gli stessi discepoli di Galileo più assennati e più liberi, fra'quali,
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              da che s'è imparato a conoscerlo in questa Storia, è de'primi Antonio Nardi. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Più forse del libro
                <emph type="italics"/>
              De revolutionibus
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              del Copernico conferì a persuadere
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              che, non la Terra ma il Sole, sia centro de'moti planetari l'Arenario di Ar­
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              chimede, intorno al quale il Nardi, nella sua
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ricercata seconda,
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              sotto il ti­
                <lb/>
              tolo: “ Del sistema del mondo sopra quelle parole di Archimede nell'Are­
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              nario
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Supponit Aristarchus inerrantia sidera et Solem non moveri, Terram
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              vero ferri in gyrum circa Solem, qui in medio stadio iaceat;
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              scriveva la
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              seguente osservazione, compendiando una delle pagine più importanti della
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              Storia filosofica dell'Astronomia: </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>“ Molto rozzo, e molto nell'apparenza dalla verisimilitudine repugnante,
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              parmi il sistema del Mondo, che per vero al tempo di Archimede da molti
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              si riceveva, poichè credevasi con Anassimandro il mondo essere una sfera,
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              di cui il centro fosse quello della Terra, e il semidiametro quella linea, che
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              dalla Terra andasse al Sole. </s>
              <s>Platone con tutto ciò ed altri avevano creduto
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              diversamente, a'quali, dopo Archimede, accostossi Ipparco Rodio, a cui To­
                <lb/>
              lomeo, e a Tolomeo gli altri tutti, sino all'età de'nostri avi, si sottoscris­
                <lb/>
              sero. </s>
              <s>Ma Filolao da Crotone e Iceta Siracusano erano stati avanti Platone
                <lb/>
              inventori in parte di un paradosso sistema, il quale da Aristarco Samio fu
                <lb/>
              molto coltivato e perfezionato, di tal maniera che Archimede ad Aristarco il
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              parto di tal sistema attribuisce. </s>
              <s>Ma tal parto morì quasi in fasce, se non che
                <lb/>
              Niccolò Copernico, dopo il giro dintorno a diciotto secoli, lo cavò dal sepol­
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              cro, e all'età nostra, per le osservazioni del Telescopio, si è grandemente
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              avanzato nella credenza di molti. </s>
              <s>” </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>“ È ben vero che alla Santa Romana Chiesa tal sistema è per gravis­
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              sime cagioni sospetto, di che per ora ragionare non è mio proposito, e solo
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              avvertirò come, anche col semplice lume naturale discorrendo, parmi che il
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              sistema del Copernico in molte cose sia difettoso. </s>
              <s>Egli in prima asserisce il
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              Sole e le fisse Stelle essere in tutto immobili, e per il contrario diè tante e
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              così strane maniere di movimenti alla Terra, senz'addurne almeno qualche
                <lb/>
              ingegnosa, se non vera cagione, che sembra l'opinion sua una fantasia troppo
                <lb/>
              fantastica, e pareva molto meglio il dare a ciascun corpo il suo moto, poichè
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              de'corpi è comune accidente il moversi, che ad alcuni in tutto levandolo, e
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              troppi ad altri assegnandone, disturbare il mondano concerto. </s>
              <s>” </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>“ Impossibili dunque paiono quelle copernicane posizioni intorno a tanti
                <lb/>
              e sì diversi commovimenti, che come propri attribuisce alla Terra. </s>
              <s>Quindi
                <lb/>
              ancora non lè librazioni sole e l'inclinazioni, quali esso le finge, stimeran­
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              nosi da molti cose adulterine, ma ancora molto più quel forzato discorri­
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              mento, che per diritta linea in giù e in sù fa Mercurio. </s>
              <s>S'aggiunga ancora
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              che, essendo cose immaginarie, i centri degli Orbi descrivono con tutto ciò
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              appo il Copernico altri cerchi, e seco ne rapiscono gli orbi loro, il che è
                <lb/>
              inverosimile grande. </s>
              <s>Lascio che in tal caso, mentre saglie e discende l'Orbe, </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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