Castelli, Benedetto
,
Of the mensuration of running waters
,
1661
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the Vent, yet this benefit happens to be but temporary and for a
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few hours: If the riſing of P
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o,
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and the dangers of breaking forth
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were of ſhort duration, as it ordinarily befalleth in the overflow
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ings of Torrents, in ſuch a caſe the profit of the Vent would be
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of ſome eſteem: But becauſe the ſwellings of P
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o
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continue for
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thirty, or ſometimes for forty dayes, therefore the gain which
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reſults from the Vent proveth to be inconſiderable. </
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<
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>It remain
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eth now to conſider the notable harms which follow the ſaid
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Sluice or Vent, that ſo reflection being made, and the profit and
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the detriment compared, one may rightly judge, and chooſe that
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which ſhall be moſt convenient. </
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<
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>The firſt prejudice therefore
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which ariſeth from this Vent or Sluice, is; That the Channels of
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Ferara, Primaro,
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and
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Volana
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filling with Water, all thoſe parts
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from
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Bondeno
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to the Sea ſide are allarmed and endangered
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thereby. </
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<
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>Secondly, The Waters of the P
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o
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of
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Primaro
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having
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free ingreſſe into the upper Valleys, they fill them to the great
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damage of the Fields adjacent, and obſtruct the courſe of the
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ordinary Trenches in the ſame Valleys; inſomuch that all the
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care, coſt, and labour about the draining, and freeing the upper
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Valleys from Water, would alſo become vain and ineffectual.
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<
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>Thirdly, I conſider that theſe Waters of the P
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o
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of
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Ferara
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being
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paſſed downwards towards the Sea, at the time that the main P
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o
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was in its greater excreſcences and heights, it is manifeſt by expe
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rience, that when the great P
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o
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diminiſheth, then theſe Waters
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paſſed by the P
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o
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of
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Ferara
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begin to retard in their courſe, and
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finally come to turn the current upwards towards
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Stellata,
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reſting
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firſt iu the intermediate time, almoſt fixed and ſtanding, and
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therefore depoſing the muddineſſe, they fill up the Channel of
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the River or Current of
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Ferara.
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Fourthly and laſtly, There
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followeth from this ſame diverſion another notable damage, and
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it is like to that which followeth the breaches made by Rivers;
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near to which breaches in the lower parts, namely below the
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breach, there is begot in the Channel of the River, a certain ridge
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or ſhelf, that is, the bottom of the River is raiſed, as if ſufficiently
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manifeſt by experience; and thus juſt in the ſame manner cutting
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the Bank at
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Bondeno,
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there is at it were a breach made, from which
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followeth the riſing in the lower parts of the main P
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o,
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being paſt
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the mouth of
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Pamaro
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; which thing, how pernitious it is, let any one
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judge that underſtandeth theſe matters. </
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<
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>And therefore both for
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the ſmall benefit, and ſo many harms that enſue from maintain
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ing this diverſion, I ſhould think it were more ſound advice to
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keep that Bank alwaies whole at
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Bondeno,
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or in any other conve
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nient place, and not to permit that the Water of the Grand P
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o
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ſhould ever come near to
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Ferara.
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