Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="253"/>
              generally is; I have written elsewhere of its nature
                <emph type="sup"/>
              38
                <emph.end type="sup"/>
              . </s>
              <s>First the gold is
                <lb/>
              rubbed on the touchstone, whether it contains silver or whether it is obtained
                <lb/>
              from the mines or from the smelting; silver also is rubbed in the same
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              way. </s>
              <s>Then one of the needles, that we judge by its colour to be of similar
                <lb/>
              composition, is rubbed on the touchstone; if this proves too pale, another
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              needle which has a stronger colour is rubbed on the touchstone; and if this
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              proves too deep in colour, a third which has a little paler colour is used. </s>
              <s>For
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              this will show us how great a proportion of silver or copper, or silver and
                <lb/>
              copper together, is in the gold, or else how great a proportion of copper is in
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              silver.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>These needles are of four kinds.
                <emph type="sup"/>
              39
                <emph.end type="sup"/>
              The first kind are made of gold and
                <lb/>
              silver, the second of gold and copper, the third of gold, silver, and copper,
                <lb/>
              and the fourth of silver and copper. </s>
              <s>The first three kinds of needles are
                <lb/>
              used principally for testing gold, and the fourth for silver. </s>
              <s>Needles of this
                <lb/>
              kind are prepared in the following ways. </s>
              <s>The lesser weights correspond
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              proportionately to the larger weights, and both of them are used, not
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              only by mining people, but by coiners also. </s>
              <s>The needles are made in
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              accordance with the lesser weights, and each set corresponds to a
                <emph type="italics"/>
              bes,
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                <lb/>
              which, in our own vocabulary, is called a
                <emph type="italics"/>
              mark.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
              <s> The
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              bes,
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              which is employed
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              by those who coin gold, is divided into twenty-four double
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              sextulae,
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              which
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              </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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