Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="254"/>
              are now called after the Greek name
                <emph type="italics"/>
              ceratía;
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              and each double
                <emph type="italics"/>
              sextula
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              is
                <lb/>
              divided into four
                <emph type="italics"/>
              semi-sextulae,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              which are called
                <emph type="italics"/>
              granas;
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              and each
                <emph type="italics"/>
              semí-sextula
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              is divided into three units of four
                <emph type="italics"/>
              siliquae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              each, of which each unit is called
                <lb/>
              a
                <emph type="italics"/>
              grenlín.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
              <s> If we made the needles to be each four
                <emph type="italics"/>
              síliquae,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              there would be
                <lb/>
              two hundred and eighty-eight in a
                <emph type="italics"/>
              bes,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              but if each were made to be a
                <emph type="italics"/>
              semí-sextula
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              or a double
                <emph type="italics"/>
              scripula,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              then there would be ninety-six in a
                <emph type="italics"/>
              bes.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
              <s> By these two
                <lb/>
              methods too many needles would be made, and the majority of them, by reason
                <lb/>
              of the small difference in the proportion of the gold, would indicate nothing,
                <lb/>
              therefore it is advisable to make them each of a double
                <emph type="italics"/>
              sextula;
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              in this way
                <lb/>
              twenty-four needles are made, of which the first is made of twenty-three
                <lb/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of silver and one of gold. </s>
              <s>Fannius is our authority that the Ancients
                <lb/>
              called the double
                <emph type="italics"/>
              sextula
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              a
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duella.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
              <s> When a bar of silver is rubbed on the
                <lb/>
              touchstone and colours it just as this needle does, it contains one
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duella
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s>In this manner we determine by the other needles what proportion of gold
                <lb/>
              there is, or when the gold exceeds the silver in weight, what proportion of
                <lb/>
              silver.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The needles are made
                <emph type="sup"/>
              40
                <emph.end type="sup"/>
              :—</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 1st needle of 23
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of silver and 1
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duella
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 2nd needle of 22
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of silver and 2
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 3rd needle of 21
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of silver and 3
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 4th needle of 20
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of silver and 4
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 5th needle of 19
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of silver and 5
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 6th needle of 18
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of silver and 6
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 7th needle of 17
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of silver and 7
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 8th needle of 16
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of silver and 8
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold.</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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