Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

List of thumbnails

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <pb pagenum="256"/>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 1st of 12
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold and 12
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of copper.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 2nd of 13
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold and 11
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of copper.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 3rd of 14
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold and 10
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of copper.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 4th of 15
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold and 9
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of copper.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 5th of 16
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold and 8
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of copper.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 6th of 17
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold and 7
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of copper.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 7th of 18
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold and 6
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of copper.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 8th of 19
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold and 5
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of copper.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 9th of 20
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold and 4
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of copper.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 10th of 21
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold and 3
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of copper.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 11th of 22
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold and 2
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of copper.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 12th of 23
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold and 1
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of copper.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The 13th of pure gold.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>These needles are not much used, because gold coins of that kind are
                <lb/>
              somewhat rare; the ones chiefly used are those in which there is much
                <lb/>
              copper. </s>
              <s>Needles of the third kind, which are composed of gold, silver, and
                <lb/>
              copper, are more largely used, because such gold coins are common. </s>
              <s>But since
                <lb/>
              with the gold there are mixed equal or unequal portions of silver and copper,
                <lb/>
              two sorts of needles are made. </s>
              <s>If the proportion of silver and copper is
                <lb/>
              equal, the needles are as follows:—
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="table2"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <table>
              <table.target id="table2"/>
              <row>
                <cell>Gold.</cell>
                <cell>Silver.</cell>
                <cell>Copper.</cell>
              </row>
              <row>
                <cell>The 1st of 12
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>6
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                0
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                sextula
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>6
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                0
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                sextula
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
              </row>
              <row>
                <cell>The 2nd of 13
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>5
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                1
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                sextula
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>5
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                1
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                sextula
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
              </row>
              <row>
                <cell>The 3rd of 14
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>5
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>5
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
              </row>
              <row>
                <cell>The 4th of 15
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>4
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                1
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                sextula
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>4
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                1
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                sextula
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
              </row>
              <row>
                <cell>The 5th of 16
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>4
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>4
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
              </row>
              <row>
                <cell>The 6th of 17
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>3
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                1
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                sextula
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>3
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                1
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                sextula
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
              </row>
              <row>
                <cell>The 7th of 18
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>3
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>3
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
              </row>
              <row>
                <cell>The 8th of 19
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>2
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                1
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                sextula
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>2
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                1
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                sextula
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
              </row>
              <row>
                <cell>The 9th of 20
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>2
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>2
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
              </row>
              <row>
                <cell>The 10th of 21
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>1
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                1
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                sextula
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>1
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                1
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                sextula
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
              </row>
              <row>
                <cell>The 11th of 22
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>1
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell>1
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
              </row>
              <row>
                <cell>The 12th of 23</cell>
                <cell>1
                  <emph type="italics"/>
                duellae
                  <emph.end type="italics"/>
                </cell>
                <cell/>
              </row>
              <row>
                <cell>The 13th of pure gold.</cell>
                <cell/>
                <cell/>
              </row>
            </table>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Some make twenty-five needles, in order to be able to detect the two
                <lb/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              scrípula
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of silver or copper which are in a
                <emph type="italics"/>
              bes
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold. </s>
              <s>Of these needles, the
                <lb/>
              first is composed of twelve
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold and six of silver, and the same
                <lb/>
              number of copper. </s>
              <s>The second, of twelve
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              and one
                <emph type="italics"/>
              sextula
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of gold and
                <lb/>
              five
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              and one and a half
                <emph type="italics"/>
              sextulae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of silver, and the same number of
                <lb/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              duellae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              and one and a half
                <emph type="italics"/>
              sextulae
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of copper. </s>
              <s>The remaining needles are
                <lb/>
              made in the same proportion.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Pliny is our authority that the Romans could tell to within one
                <emph type="italics"/>
              scrípulum
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              how much gold was in any given alloy, and how much silver or copper.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Needles may be made in either of two ways, namely, in the ways of which
                <lb/>
              I have spoken, and in the ways of which I am now about to speak. </s>
              <s>If </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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