Caverni, Raffaello, Storia del metodo sperimentale in Italia, 1891-1900

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            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb xlink:href="020/01/300.jpg" pagenum="281"/>
              liquido per esser chiuso da ogni parte, e per avere il cannello stesso saldato
                <lb/>
              alla bocca del vaso. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Ma, nonostante questa nuova e più comoda costruzione, benchè ivi lo
                <lb/>
              chiami il Beriguardi
                <emph type="italics"/>
              instrumentum vitreum satis vulgare ad caloris et
                <lb/>
                <figure id="id.020.01.300.1.jpg" xlink:href="020/01/300/1.jpg" number="13"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>Figura 6.
                <lb/>
              frigoris gradus dignoscendos,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              non era pure così divulgato,
                <lb/>
              quanto poi furono divulgati quegli altri Strumenti, i quali,
                <lb/>
              avendo per loro corpo termometrico non l'aria ma un liquido,
                <lb/>
              si prestavan comodamente ad esser con tutta facilità traspor­
                <lb/>
              tati, e ad essere immersi negli altri liquidi, per esplorarli. </s>
              <s>
                <lb/>
              Quando e come avvenisse d'introdur nella costruzione dei
                <lb/>
              Termometri un così notabile perfezionamento, è soggetto
                <lb/>
              meritevole delle nostre storiche investigazioni. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>In Italia fu senza dubbio divulgato il nuovo Misuratore
                <lb/>
              del caldo tra il 1643 e il 1660, e ciò può argomentarsi dal
                <lb/>
              collazionare le due edizioni che fece, in quelle due date di­
                <lb/>
              verse, de'suoi Circoli Pisani, il Beriguardi. </s>
              <s>Nella prima di
                <lb/>
              quelle edizioni infatti, nel Circolo IV dedicato al principe
                <lb/>
              Leopoldo de'Medici, descrive il Termometro ad aria, come si
                <lb/>
              disse di sopra. </s>
              <s>Ma venendo l'autore a far dell'Opera sua
                <lb/>
              una nuova edizione, che ebbe luogo in Padova nel 1660, per opera del
                <lb/>
              tipografo Frambolti, e volendola condurre, come oggidì si direbbe alla al­
                <lb/>
              tezza de'tempi, sostituisce alla descrizione e al disegno del Termometro
                <lb/>
              ad aria la descrizione e il disegno del Termometro a liquido, che pur se­
                <lb/>
              guita anche qui a chiamare
                <emph type="italics"/>
              instrumentum vitreum satis vulgare
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              (ivi,
                <lb/>
              pag. </s>
              <s>447). </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Nel 1644 in Francia non si conosceva altro Termometro che quel pneu­
                <lb/>
              matico, e a far fede di ciò, può bastar, fra tutti gli altri documenti, la
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Hy­
                <lb/>
              draulica pneumatica
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              del Mersenno, il quale venuto a fiutar per tutto in
                <lb/>
              Italia, dove sentiva venir l'odore di qualche invenzione, non sarebbe man­
                <lb/>
              cato di far preda, per trasportarla a Parigi, anco di questo Termometro a
                <lb/>
              liquido, se davvero ce lo avesse trovato. </s>
              <s>Anzi nemmen dieci anni dopo,
                <lb/>
              sembra che fosse diffuso in Francia il nuovo strumento, imperocchè, negli
                <lb/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Esperimenti nuovi anatomici,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              il Pecquet seguitò ancora a descrivere, come
                <lb/>
              avea fatto il Mersenno, la prima e più antica forma del Termometro san­
                <lb/>
              toriano. </s>
              <s>E benchè nel 1666 i nuovi Strumenti a liquido si divulgassero
                <lb/>
              solennemente nelle descrizioni e negli iconismi de'
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Saggi di Naturali Espe­
                <lb/>
              rienze,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              nonostante al lontano Giorgio Sinclaro non pervenne una tale im­
                <lb/>
              portante notizia che verso il 1669, come s'ha dalle seguenti sue parole, che
                <lb/>
              si trascrivon qui dal I Dialogo del lib. </s>
              <s>III della sua
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ars nova et magna
                <lb/>
              gravitatis et levitatis:
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              “ Aquam imbutam asse virtute rarefactiva, multum
                <lb/>
              mihi persuadetur ex nobili quodam experimento, quod
                <emph type="italics"/>
              nudiustertius
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              solum
                <lb/>
              vidi. </s>
              <s>Fuit enim Thermoscopium utrinque hermetice occlusum. </s>
              <s>Nam inferne
                <lb/>
              rotundam habuit ampullam superne etiam aliam, sed altera multo minorem. </s>
              <s>
                <lb/>
              Inter has tenuem admodum fistulam. </s>
              <s>Eius dimidium inferius aqua, vel po-</s>
            </p>
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