Caverni, Raffaello, Storia del metodo sperimentale in Italia, 1891-1900

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              <s>
                <pb xlink:href="020/01/306.jpg" pagenum="287"/>
              tus aquae in Thermometro nulla alia ratione explicari posse mihi videntur
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              quam per ingressionem motumque spirituum igneorum, qui ab aere calido
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              vel manu calefacta erumpunt. </s>
              <s>Spiritus calidi qui continuo absistunt ex manu
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              calida, vel pruna accensa, quae vel contigua est vel vicina phialae Ther­
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              mometro, dilatant aerem, qui est in tubo, insinuando se in eius poros. </s>
              <s>Hic
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              autem aer, cum iam ampliorem in Thermometro locum occupat, propellit
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              aquam eamque dum subit in eius poros se insinuat, extendit. </s>
              <s>Hunc aquae
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              recessum ac tumorem ipsis etiam oculis intuemur ” (Parisiis 1648, pag. </s>
              <s>24). </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Si vede bene che gli spiriti ignei, così ben distinti dall'aria, secondo
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              il Noël, son tutt'altra cosa dagli atomi ignei di Galieo, ne è da passar sotto
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              silenzio che il Gesuita francese par che fosse de'primi a conoscere il Ter­
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              mometro a liquido, la notizia del quale attratta da Firenze per i soliti invi­
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              sibili aliti aspirati dal Collegio Romano, poteva di li, nel 1648, essere stata
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                <figure id="id.020.01.306.1.jpg" xlink:href="020/01/306/1.jpg" number="15"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>Figura 8.
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              trasmessa ai colleghi di Parigi. </s>
              <s>Ma che non fosse allora in
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              Francia quello strumento molto diffuso, si prova dal seguente
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              passo che noi trascriviamo dal celebre libro
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Experimenta
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              nova anatomica,
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              dove il Pecquet, attentamente osservando
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              gli effetti prodotti dal calore nel Termometro santoriano, nota
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              di avere scoperto che non solo si dilata l'aria, ma l'acqua
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              altresì, ciò che egli attribuisce al dilatarsi e all'insinuarsi
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              delle particelle aeree calde, o contenute nell'ampolla, o pree­
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              sistenti già nell'acqua stessa: “ Ita impacta superiori Ther­
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              mometro ampullae manus aut admotae prunae vicinia conten­
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              tam deprimit aquam: insigni sane argumento, dilatatum intus
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              aerem, exterioris, quem aqueo cedere descensui cogit robori
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              praecellere. </s>
              <s>Nec suos duntaxat fines caloris incentivo producit
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              aer: etiam aquae moles extenditur. </s>
              <s>Id expertu facile, si pen­
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              dulum medio Thermometri caule placeat aquae particulam C
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              (fig. </s>
              <s>8), in infimam sustinentis aeris sedem reprimere; nam
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              admotus ignis superiori lagunculae A, non inclusam C, solum­
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              modo deorsnm adigit aquam, sed et eamdem (sive quem dilatat aerem A, in
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              descendentem C, aquam immergat, sive descendentis aquae partes aereas
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              ad rarefactionem excitet) ad certum usque, puta gradum, quae vix geminus
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              occupabat, cogit excrescere ” (Parisiis 1654, pag. </s>
              <s>67, 68). </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Non dissimili dottrine da queste son quelle professate dal Sinclaro, nel
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              Dialogo fra Alessandro e Francesco sopra citato. </s>
              <s>Dop'avere Alessandro par­
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              ticolarmente descritti gli effetti degli accessi e de'recessi del calore, nel cre­
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              scere o diminuir la lunghezza della colonnetta liquida nel cannello del Ter­
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              moscopio, Francesco dice: “ Opinor hoc phoenomenon evenire non ab ipsa
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              aqua, sed potins a nonnullis in ea latitantibus particulis aereis, quarum ma­
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              gna copia scatet ” a che Alessandro acconsente dicendo esser l'espression
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              dell'amico
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              verisimile.
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              (Ars Magna edit. </s>
              <s>cit., pag. </s>
              <s>274). </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Tutti insomma gli Autori sopra citati concordano in ammetter che il
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              calore non operi direttamente sul liquido in dilatarlo, ma indirettamente </s>
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