Alberti, Leone Battista, Architecture, 1755

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            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb xlink:href="003/01/307.jpg" pagenum="227"/>
              down ſome Land-flood upon it, which may
                <lb/>
              ſubſide there, it will make a Cruſt over the
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              whole. </s>
              <s>But of this in another Place. </s>
              <s>If the
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              Region is ſubject to Inundations, as
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Lombardy
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              along the Banks of the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Po; Venice,
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              and ſome
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              other Place; in that Caſe, ſeveral Particulars
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              are to be conſidered: For the Water is trouble­
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              ſome either from its over-abundance, or from
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              its Motion, or from both theſe. </s>
              <s>Upon theſe
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              we ſhall make ſome brief Obſervations. </s>
              <s>The
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              Emperor
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Claudius
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              bored through a Hill near
                <lb/>
              the Lake
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Fucinus,
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              and ſo carried away the ſu­
                <lb/>
              perfluous Water into the River; and perhaps it
                <lb/>
              was for the ſame Reaſon, that
                <emph type="italics"/>
              M. Curius
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              open­
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              ed a Way for the Lake
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Velinus
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              to diſcharge it­
                <lb/>
              ſelf into the Sea. </s>
              <s>Thus we ſee the Lake
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              Ne­
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              morenſis,
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              carried into the Lake
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Laurentina
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                <lb/>
              through a Hill bored on purpoſe; to which
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              we owe thoſe pleaſant Gardens and that fruit­
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              ful Grove which lie below the Former of thoſe
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              Lakes.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Cæſar
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              had Thoughts of cutting a Number
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              of Trenches near
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              Herda
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              in
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              Spain,
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              in order to
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              diſcharge ſome Part of the Water of the River
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Sicoris.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
              <s> The
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Erymanthus,
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              a River of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Arcadia,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              very full of Windings, is almoſt exhauſted by
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              the Inhabitants in watering their Lands, by
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              which means his Remains fall into the Sea with­
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              out ſo much as preſerving his Name.
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Cyrus
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              cut the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ganges
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              into a vaſt Number of Canals,
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Eutropius
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ſays, no leſs than four hundred and
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              ſixty, by which he ſo ſunk that River, that it
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              might eaſily be forded, and ſometimes even dri­
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              ſhod. </s>
              <s>Near the Tomb of King
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              Halyattes,
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              in
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              the Country of the
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              Sardes,
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              built chiefly by the
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              female Slaves, is the Lake
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Coloe,
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              dug by Art
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              on purpoſe to receive Inundations.
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              Myris
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              dug
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              a Lake in
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              Meſopotamia
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              above the City, three
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              hundred and forty Furlongs in Circumference,
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              and threeſcore Cubits deep, to receive the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Nile
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              whenever it roſe higher than uſual. </s>
              <s>Beſides
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              the ſtrong Banks made for keeping in the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Eu­
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              phrates,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              that it might not overflow and waſh
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              away the Houſes, ſome Lakes were alſo dug,
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              together with ſome vaſt hollow Caves, that the
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              ſtanding Water in thoſe might receive and
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              break the Fury of Inundations. </s>
              <s>Thus much
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              may ſuffice of Waters which are apt to over­
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              flow, or to do Miſchief by the Impetuoſity of
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              their Motion. </s>
              <s>If any thing is wanting to this
                <lb/>
              Head, we ſhall inſert it immediately, when we
                <lb/>
              come to ſpeak of Rivers and the Sea.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="head">
              <s>CHAP. X.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="head">
              <s>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Of Roads; of Paſſages by Water, and of artificial Banks to Rivers.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The next Buſineſs is to get as conveni­
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              ently as is poſſible from abroad, thoſe
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              Neceſſaries which we cannot be ſupplied with
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              at home. </s>
              <s>To this Purpoſe are Roads and
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              Highways, which are to be made ſuch, that
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              whatever is wanting may be eaſily brought, in
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              its proper Seaſon. </s>
              <s>There are two Sorts of
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              Highways, one by Land, the other by Water,
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              as we hinted in the formar Part of this Work.
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              </s>
              <s>Care is to be taken that the Highway by Land
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              is not too deep, nor too much broke by Car­
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              riages; and beſides thoſe Cauſeways which we
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              have ſpoken of formerly, we ſhould be ſure to
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              let them be open to a good deal of Sun and to
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              a free Air, and that they be not covered with
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              too much Shade. </s>
              <s>In our Days, near the Wood
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              by
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ravenna,
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              the Road which uſed to be very
                <lb/>
              bad, has been made extremely convenient by
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              cutting down the Trees, and admitting the
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              Sun to it. </s>
              <s>We may generally obſerve little
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              Puddles under Trees which ſtand by the Side
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              of the Road, occaſioned by the Tread of Cat­
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              tle, and the Shade preventing the Ground
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              from drying ſo faſt as it otherwiſe would do,
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              ſo that the Rain always ſettles and lies there.
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              </s>
              <s>Highways (if we may ſo call them) by Water
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              are of two Sorts: One which may be corrected
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              and forced; as Rivers or Canals; the other
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              which cannot; as the Sea. </s>
              <s>We may venture
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              to ſay, that there happen the ſame Faults in a
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              River as we find in a ſmaller Veſſel for con­
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              taining Water; that is, that perhaps either the
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              Sides, or the Bottom are defective or not ſound
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              and convenient. </s>
              <s>For as a large Quantity of
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              Water is neceſſary for the carrying of Ships, if
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              it is not contained in ſtout Banks, it may break
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              its Way through them and drown all the Coun­
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              try, and ſo even ſpoil the Highways on Shore.
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              </s>
              <s>If the Bottom be very ſteep, how can we ima­
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              gine that a Ship can make its Way up againſt
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              the Rapidity of the Stream? </s>
              <s>and if it riſes in­
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              to Shelves, it will ſpoil the Navigation. </s>
              <s>Upon
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              bringing the famous Obelisk from
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ægypt
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              to
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Rome,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              it was found that the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Tyber
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              was a more
                <lb/>
              convenient River for Navigation than the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Nile.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              The latter indeed was much broader, but the </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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