Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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              <s id="s.013997">
                <pb pagenum="665" xlink:href="016/01/312.jpg"/>
              fuerint, aliò per ventos tranferuntur, &
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              tunc autumnus ille ventoſus eſt: vel quia
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              calor eſt ſiccior, & tunc peſtifer eſt, ac
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              malarum ægritudinum cauſa. </s>
              <s id="s.013998">Super Africæ
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              montes igitur atque Æthiopiæ fieri poſſunt
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              niues, quoniam vapor eò altius rapi po­
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              teſt, vt ob frigiditatem aëris cogatur, atque
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              ita congeletur, & in niues tranſeant. </s>
              <s id="s.013999">Ser­
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              uatur autem parte Soli intacta, & inter ar­
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              bores, & propter ſaxa. </s>
              <s id="s.014000">In Æthiopia autem
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              Auſtrales partes montium, qui ſunt in
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              parte Auſtrali, à Sole, & Boreales Borea­
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              lium, intactæ ſunt à Sole, tum maximè cùm
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              accedit & procul eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.014001">Nix autem per ſe ob
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1874"/>
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              aerem candidiſſima eſt: nigrior glacies, quòd
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              ex aqua fiat, in qua nullus prorſus eſt aër:
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              media grando, quæ ex aqua ſit, ſed ea quæ
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              ex vaporibus coacta eſt, ob id nec aëris
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              experte. </s>
              <s id="s.014002">Candida igitur grando minus fri­
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              gida, & minoribus ventis fit, & humi­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1875"/>
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              liore loco deſcendit. </s>
              <s id="s.014003">Cùm autem vapor
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              ſiccus, ac minimè aridus aſcendat, quòd
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              rarius contingit, fit hiatus. </s>
              <s id="s.014004">Nam cùm ni­
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              gram maculam in pictura feceris, & procul
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              ſtatueris, videbitur macula hiatus, tene­
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              bræ, ob coloris qui in hiatu, ac foramini­
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              bus apparet, ſimilitudinem. </s>
              <s id="s.014005">Sed vt ad niues
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              reuertar, cur plerunque æſtate minus vi­
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              dentur in cacumine, quàm in medio? </s>
              <s id="s.014006">Non
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              alia cauſa eſt, quàm quòd cacumen Soli ni­
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              ues colliquanti exponitur: reliquæ partes
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              & maximè Soli aduerſæ, ab eo tutæ ſunt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.014007">His viſis nunc oſtendamus primùm, cur
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              ſub torrida zona partes aliquæ poſſint ha­
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              bitari, quædam non. </s>
              <s id="s.014008">Habitantur partes vbi
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              fluuij ſunt, vel vbi pluit. </s>
              <s id="s.014009">At quæ vtroque
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              præſidio carent, omninò non habitantur,
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              niſi pauca emporia, & ea ſola, ſine locis
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              vicinis, ſine villis, atque etiam malè. </s>
              <s id="s.014010">Sed
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              cur hæ partes aridæ, illæ autem imbribus
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1876"/>
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              humidæ? </s>
              <s id="s.014011">quærenda in his diligenter cauſa
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              eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.014012">Cùm igitur pluuia fieri debet (vt dictum
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              eſt
                <emph type="italics"/>
              )
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              neceſſe eſt vaporem humidum manere.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.014013">Manet autem, quia non diſſipatur à calore.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.014014">Apud nos autem non manet, aut rarò in æ­
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              ſtate, quia ſenſim ( vt dictum eſt ) exhau­
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              ritur propter imbecillitatem Solis, & no­
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              ctium breuitatem: at in torrida zona cùm
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              Sol ſuperſtat capiti, maxima vi ac con­
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              fertim, maxima quantitas vaporum ob
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              Solis robur aſcendit, quæ tum ob longi­
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              tudinem noctis ſuccedentis, tum ob mul­
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              titudinem diſſipari non poteſt: quare con­
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              gregata in pluuiam deſcendit. </s>
              <s id="s.014015">Nam cùm
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              ignis non queat multam aquam, niſi lon­
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              giſſimo tempore diſſipare, quid de vi So­
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              lis, quæ longè in ſiccando igne inferior
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              eſt? </s>
              <s id="s.014016">Accedit quòd ob multitudinem atque
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              craſſitiem vaporum, Solis radij penetrare
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              nequeunt, ob id ſolùm ſuperiorum vapo­
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              rum portio quædam conſumitur, reliqua
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              tota manente, quæ per pluuiam deſcen­
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              dit. </s>
              <s id="s.014017">Cùm vis Solis admodum robuſta ſit,
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              denuò rapitur quod decideat, aliquid­
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              que accedit ex intimis terræ viſceribus,
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              vel à mari, vel à fluminibus, vel à proxi­
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              mis montibus. </s>
              <s id="s.014018">Vnde pluuia iterum eadem
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              die redit, & perſæpe maior. </s>
              <s id="s.014019">Perſeuerat au­
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              tem alibi diebus 40. alibi 60. & alibi etiam
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              per tres menſes integros: igitur ventos
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              validos abeſſe neceſſe eſt: abſunt autem,
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              quia Sol robuſtus tenuem exhalationem
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              diſſoluit, craſſam autem non poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.014020">Quòd
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              & ſi adſint venti, tam firma, ac ſtabilis
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              eſt pluuiæ ( vt dictum eſt ) generationis
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              cauſa, vt licet ſerenitas duos aut tres exci­
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              piat dies, tamen illicò redit ad pluuias. </s>
              <s id="s.014021">So­
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              le igitur capitibus ſuperſtante, ter aut qua­
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              ter ſingulis diebus pluit in Æthiopia atque
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              India: nam ſic vocantur partes terræ, ad
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              quas Sol perpendicularis, & è directò ad­
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              uenit. </s>
              <s id="s.014022">Sed an vbique pluat, incertum eſt:
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              non enim eſſent loca deſerta, arenoſaque,
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              ſi vbique plueret: adſunt autem, non igi­
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              tur vbique pluit. </s>
              <s id="s.014023">Non pluit igitur alicubi,
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              quia mare, & flumina, & montes procul
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              abſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.014024">In montibus autem neceſſariò pluit,
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              aliter à calore Solis in arenam conuerteren­
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              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.014025">Igitur vbi diutiùs. </s>
              <s id="s.014026">Sol moratur aſſidui
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              decidunt imbres: Sole recedente ſiccatur
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              terra, quia plus reſoluitur, quàm trahatur:
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              quoniam calor eſt moderatus, & ſenſim tra­
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              hit, & quod trahitur, diſſoluitur: nam diſ­
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              ſipatus vapor ac tenuis in aërem tranſit: at­
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              que ſic primò ſicceſcit aër, inde ab aëre &
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              Sole terra. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.014027">
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              Nix cur ſine
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              fulgure, &
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              tonitru deci­
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              dat cauſæ
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              tres.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.014028">
                <margin.target id="marg1873"/>
              Autumno
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              cur multæ
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              pluuiæ.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.014029">
                <margin.target id="marg1874"/>
              Glaciei &
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              grandinis
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              differentia.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.014030">
                <margin.target id="marg1875"/>
              Hiatus cœli
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              cauſa.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.014031">
                <margin.target id="marg1876"/>
              Pluuia &
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              nubes cur
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              ſemper vbi
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              Sol vertici
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              ſuperſtat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.014032">Duo igitur contraria ſub torrida zona ac­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1877"/>
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              cidunt his, quæ in hac regione. </s>
              <s id="s.014033">Primum
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              quòd aduentu Solis pluuiæ generantur, re­
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              cedente Sole ſiccatur terra: & ita æſtas hu­
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              mida eſt, hyems autem ſicca. </s>
              <s id="s.014034">Hic autem æ­
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              ſtas ſicca eſt, & minimè pluuioſa, hyems au­
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              tem pluuioſa, aut niuoſa, & humida. </s>
              <s id="s.014035">Secun­
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              dum, quod ex primo pendet, eſt: ex acceſſu
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              Solis fit hyems illis, nobis autem æſtas: il­
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              lis autem ex extremo receſſu Solis æſtas,
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              nobis autem hyems. </s>
              <s id="s.014036">Sed in inſula. </s>
              <s id="s.014037">S. </s>
              <s id="s.014038">Thomæ
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              regis Luſitaniæ, ſub æquinoctij circulo poſi­
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              ta, cùm Sol eſt in ſignis borealibus, flant
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              venti, Auſter, Sirochus, & Garbinus voca­
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              ti, qui pluuias adducunt: humidi enim ſunt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.014039">Boreas, Græcus, & Magiſter ( ita enim hos
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              ventos vocant ) non flant ibi, propterea il­
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              lis duæ hyemes, cùm Sol eſt in æquinoctiis,
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              & ſuperſtat illorum capitibus: & à Martio
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              ad Auguſtum frigus cum ventis, tuncque
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              ver eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.014040">Cùm verò Sol eſt in auſtralibus ſi­
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              gnis, à Solſtitio, id eſt, Decembri, Ianuario,
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              Februario, æſtas. </s>
              <s id="s.014041">Dum etiam eſt in auſtrali­
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              bus ante ſolſtitium, hyems longior eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.014042">Cuius
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              extrema pars, quòd pluuiis etiam abundet,
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              & tamen calidior ſit, pro autumno habenda
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              eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.014043">Sic tempora contrario ordine diſpoſita
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              ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.014044">Ver enim hyemem, autumnus æſtatem
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              antecedit. </s>
              <s id="s.014045">Vbi verò pluuiæ non adſunt fre­
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              quentes, motus Solis habita ratione octo an­
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              ni tempora erunt. </s>
              <s id="s.014046">Ver geminum Sole ad æ­
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              quinoctia accedente: ab eiſdem autem re­
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              cedente, duæ æſtates. </s>
              <s id="s.014047">Rurſus ad Solſtitia ac­
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              cedente autumni duo, quibus ſuperatis toti­
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              dem hyemes haud tamen frigidæ. </s>
              <s id="s.014048">Vbi autem
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              etiam aquæ propè ſunt, & aër liber, quatuor
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              tantum tempora experiuntur: hyemes duas
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              ſub æquinoctiis, atque inter illas duplex ver:
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              vt meritò, & temperatam, & felicem ſub
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              æquinoctij circulo habitationem eſſe refe­
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              rant. </s>
              <s id="s.014049">Quæ igitur in noſtris regionibus eue­
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              niunt, demonſtratione non indigent: quæ
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              verò dicta ſunt, & quæ in Æthiopia con­
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              tingunt, vt circa ſolſtitia fiant hyemes, </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
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