Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

Table of figures

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    <archimedes>
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        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.014122">
                <pb pagenum="668" xlink:href="016/01/315.jpg"/>
              Oceano etiam contingit ſingulares ventos,
                <lb/>
              propter æſtum rationem duorum obtinere.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.014123">Superiùs vento, inferiùs æſtu ipſo nauim
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1884"/>
                <lb/>
              iactante, ſed non eodem periculo. </s>
              <s id="s.014124">Quæ
                <lb/>
              igitur ſint tempeſtates periculoſæ, & quis
                <lb/>
              modus euadendi, iam dictum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.014125">Vt igi­
                <lb/>
              tur inundationes lacus ſunt non perpetui,
                <lb/>
              ita lacus inundationes ſunt perpetuæ. </s>
              <s id="s.014126">Qua­
                <lb/>
              mobrem lacus fiunt quinque concurrenti­
                <lb/>
              bus cauſis. </s>
              <s id="s.014127">Prima quidem, vt fluuius influat
                <lb/>
              in locum: à magnis quidem magni, vt Con­
                <lb/>
              ſtantienſis, qui maximus eſt à Rheno: Le­
                <lb/>
              manus à Rhodano, Verbanus à Ticino: par­
                <lb/>
              ui autem à riuulis, vt Eupilus in Italia. </s>
              <s id="s.014128">Opor­
                <lb/>
              tet autem colligi aquas altitudine montium
                <lb/>
              aut collium: ob idque omnis lacus, aut in­
                <lb/>
              ter montes eſt aut colles, aliter collecta
                <lb/>
              aqua effunderetur, diſpergeretur que. </s>
              <s id="s.014129">Dein­
                <lb/>
              de ſitum adeſſe oportet inter latera humi­
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              liorem alueo fluminis: nam ſi ſublimior ſit,
                <lb/>
              ſiccato quandoque flumine, quod frequenter
                <lb/>
              contingit, ſiccabitur lacus, & iam non erit
                <lb/>
              lacus, ſed palus aut ſtagnum. </s>
              <s id="s.014130">Lacus enim
                <lb/>
              non eſt, cùm frequenter ſiccatur, & ſi tan­
                <lb/>
              tùm non habeat aquæ, vt perpetuò fluat, &
                <lb/>
              tempeſtatibus aſſiduè agitetur. </s>
              <s id="s.014131">Cùm verò
                <lb/>
              quieſcit, palus eſt, non lacus Neceſſarium eſt
                <lb/>
              etiam, vt ex aduerſa parte, qua flumen in­
                <lb/>
              fluit altior ſit ripa, aliter enim totus effluet,
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              eritque inundatio, non lacus. </s>
              <s id="s.014132">Vltimò, opor­
                <lb/>
              tet vt in anguſtum humilitas loci redigatur,
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              effluatque flumen: nam ſi non effluxerit,
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              corrumpetur aqua, fietque mare, non lacus,
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              etiamſi æſtum, & tempeſtates patiatur. </s>
              <s id="s.014133">Ob
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              id igitur ex mari nullum flumen erit: etſi
                <lb/>
              exeat, non eſt illi proportione reſpondens.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.014134">Lacuum igitur & maris, &
                <expan abbr="ſtagnorũ">ſtagnorum</expan>
              , vel pa­
                <lb/>
              ludum ac inundationum differentias habes,
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              nunc igitur ad inundationis Nili cauſas re­
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              deundum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.014135">Ea igitur eſt, quia procella il­
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              la, de qua dictum eſt, in Æthiopia die 11.
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              Iunij initium habeat: intumeſcente ſtatim
                <lb/>
              flumine, vt etiam apud nos, quòd maxima
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              ſit copia aquarum, diffunditur Nilus per
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              campos. </s>
              <s id="s.014136">Nec obſtat, quòd Æthiopia pro­
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              cul Ægypto fit: nam ſi mare medio intu­
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              meſcit recurſu aquarum ob æſtum: vt ſu­
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              prà declarauimus ( quia alius eſt aquæ flu­
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              xus, alius tumor: in quo ſtatim partibus ſibi
                <lb/>
              inuicem ſuccedentibus ab extremo ad extre­
                <lb/>
              mum compreſſione tumor tranſit ) nil
                <expan abbr="mirũ">mirum</expan>
                <lb/>
              eſt igitur quamvis Nilus lente fluat, turgere
                <lb/>
              ab extremo ad
                <expan abbr="extremũ">extremum</expan>
              quatridui ſpatio:
                <expan abbr="nã">nam</expan>
                <lb/>
              & tu ſi comprimas vt rem ab altero extre­
                <lb/>
              morum, videbis abſque motu in reliquo in­
                <lb/>
              tumeſcere. </s>
              <s id="s.014137">Inde ceſſante pluuia, ipſo autem
                <lb/>
              ſe perpetuò exonerante in mare, extenuatur
                <lb/>
              iterum, & ad ſua loca redit. </s>
              <s id="s.014138">Forſan & ad hoc
                <lb/>
              facit, quòd aquæ Oceani auſtralis ( vt dixi­
                <lb/>
              mus ) tribus aut quatuor menſibus ad Au­
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              ſtrum feruntur, vnde fieri poteſt, vt tunc
                <lb/>
              compreſſis fontibus Nili, dum aqua nimis
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              redundat, cogatur Nilus intumeſcere, & al­
                <lb/>
              ueum egredi. </s>
              <s id="s.014139">Nam ſuperiùs docui, dulces
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              aquas ſalſis continuari. </s>
              <s id="s.014140">Fine enim optimo
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              factum eſt, vt pluuiæ illæ Solem comitaren­
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              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.014141">Nam primùm hauſta ex mari ſalſa tran­
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              ſit in dulcem, redditque vices tot fluminibus
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              in mare ſe exonerantibus, quorum aquæ dul­
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              ces in ſalſas vertuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.014142">Quamobrem ſi æqua
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              debet eſſe diſtributio, vt ſempiterna manere
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              poſſit, neceſſe eſt, vt maxima ſit imbrium
                <lb/>
              aqua, quæ omnium fluminum ſe in mare
                <lb/>
              effundentium iacturæ coæquetur. </s>
              <s id="s.014143">Secunda
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              cauſa eſt, vt aër ipſe temperatus reddatur,
                <lb/>
              atque ita habitabilis regio. </s>
              <s id="s.014144">Tertia, vt terra
                <lb/>
              humo perfuſa abundet fructibus atque ſege­
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              te, vt animalia in ea, atque homines viuere
                <lb/>
              poſſint, nec tanta terræ portio tanquam
                <lb/>
              inutilis pereat. </s>
              <s id="s.014145">Nam ſuperiùs demonſtra­
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              tum eſt contrariis rationibus, etiam ſub
                <lb/>
              polis coli terras. </s>
              <s id="s.014146">Quarta ne terra areſcens
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              in medio ſolueretur, atque ſic tota periret,
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              dum partem neglectam habuiſſet Deus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.014147">Horum omnium cauſa atque etiam alio­
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              rum, factum eſt, vt Solem nebulæ perpe­
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              tuæ fermè comitarentur. </s>
              <s id="s.014148">Nec verum eſt,
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              vaporem ſeruari tamdiu, vt ex Geminis in
                <lb/>
              Cancrum Sol procedat, ſed humeſcit tan­
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              tum interim aër: ſuccedenti tamen diei
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              prior aquas ſpargendo, dum Sol eſt in
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              Cancro, opitulatur. </s>
              <s id="s.014149">Idcirco igitur in At­
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              lante maiore, quem montem vocant Ser­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1885"/>
                <lb/>
              raliona, nubes denſiſſima in cacumine con­
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              ſpicitur, perpetuò fulgura aſſidua corruſ­
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              cant, & tonitrua procul 50000. paſſuum
                <lb/>
              exaudiuntur: quoniam calor ibi Solis ſem­
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              per vigens, ac montis humidum, nubem
                <lb/>
              perpetuam generant. </s>
              <s id="s.014150">Igitur montem illum
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              humidiſſimum eſſe neceſſe eſt: ad quod ta­
                <lb/>
              men iuuat maris vicinitas quippe quòd
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              mons non iam ſimpliciter dici mereatur,
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              ſed cùm progrediatur radicibus in mare,
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              potiùs promontorium. </s>
              <s id="s.014151">Apparet autem ex
                <lb/>
              his, quæ noſtris diebus innotuerunt, non
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="terrã">terram</expan>
              Oceano circumdari, ſed Oceanum eſſe
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1886"/>
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="tanquã">tanquam</expan>
              lacum
                <expan abbr="quendã">quendam</expan>
              inter terras
                <expan abbr="conſtitutũ">conſtitutum</expan>
              ,
                <lb/>
              altera parte habitabilis noſtra alia Norti­
                <lb/>
              ca, Braſilia à meridie, & America à ſepten­
                <lb/>
              trione. </s>
              <s id="s.014152">In ipſo autem Oceano vndique in­
                <lb/>
              ſulæ numero incredibili, adeò vt ſupra
                <lb/>
              10000. eſſe affirment. </s>
              <s id="s.014153">Itaque mare, lacus
                <lb/>
              eſt terræ totius, non terra inſula maris. </s>
              <s id="s.014154">Ip­
                <lb/>
              ſæ verò inſulæ cùm aquas ſcateant, argu­
                <lb/>
              mentum præbent, quòd non in illis gene­
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              ratur, ſed percolatur. </s>
              <s id="s.014155">Qui enim fieri poſſet,
                <lb/>
              vt Hibernia quindecim flumina haberet, ni­
                <lb/>
              ſi ex mari purgatis aquis originem duce­
                <lb/>
              rent? </s>
              <s id="s.014156">Nec ſolùm inſulæ hæ, ſed etiam per­
                <lb/>
              exiguæ aquas dulces continent: velut ea,
                <lb/>
              quæ tribus partibus vltra æquinoctium po­
                <lb/>
              ſita eſt, procul ab omni terra millibus paſ­
                <lb/>
              ſuum fermè 1000, cum 8000. paſſuum in
                <lb/>
              longitudine, quatuor in latitudine, tota vi­
                <lb/>
              rens, multis aquis dulcibus ſcatet. </s>
              <s id="s.014157">Oriri eas
                <lb/>
              neceſſe eſt, quoniam inſula montis ſit cacu­
                <lb/>
              men: mons autem mari circundatus aquas
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              ſalſas percolando dulces reddat. </s>
              <s id="s.014158">Ibidem aues
                <lb/>
              diuerſorum generum, quæ ignaræ inſidia­
                <lb/>
              rum hominis, ſpontè capi ſe permittebant.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.014159">Vnde igitur illarum origo? </s>
              <s id="s.014160">nam nec tranſ­
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              uolare tam procul nec ex putrida mate­
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              ria gigni potuerunt. </s>
              <s id="s.014161">Sed vel olim habi­
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              tata, tranſlatis auibus: poſtmodum ob me­
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              tum, vel maris incrementum deſit habita­
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              ri: vel tranſeuntibus nauibus demiſſæ aues
                <lb/>
              originem generi loco incolumi dederunt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.014162">Nam & nunc Hiſpani ſues in inſulis de­
                <lb/>
              ſertis dimittunt: vt quandoque etiam il­
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              lis vſui ſint. </s>
              <s id="s.014163">Tria igitur ſunt elementa: </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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