Galilei, Galileo
,
The systems of the world
,
1661
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circle, either bigger or leſſer, according as it is more or leſſe
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mote from the ſaid Poles, let us take the point F, equally diſtant
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from them, and draw the diameter F O G, which ſhall be
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dicular to the Axis E I, and ſhall be the diameter of the grand
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circle deſcribed about the Poles E I. </
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<
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>Suppoſing not that the
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Earth, and we with her be in ſuch a place of the Ecliptick, that
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the Hemiſphere of the Sun to us apparent is determin'd or
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ed by the circle A B C D, which paſſing (as it alwayes doth) by
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the Poles A C, paſſeth alſo by E I. </
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<
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>It is manifeſt, that the grand
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circle, whoſe diameter is FG, ſhall be erect to the circle A B C D,
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to which the ray that from our eye falleth upon the centre O, is
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perpendicular; ſo that the ſaid ray falleth upon the plane of
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the circle, whoſe diameter is F G, and therefore its circumference
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will appear to us a right line, and the ſelf ſame with F G,
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upon if there ſhould be in the point F, a ſpot, it comming
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wards to be carried about by the Solar converſion, would, upon
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the ſurface of the Sun, trace out the circumference of that
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cle, which ſeems to us a right line. </
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<
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>Its courſe or paſſage will
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therefore ſeem ſtraight. </
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<
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>And ſtraight alſo will the motion of the
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other ſpots appear, which in the ſaid revolution ſhall deſcribe
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ſer circles, as being all parallel to the greater, and to our eye
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placed at an immenſe diſtance from them. </
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>Now, if you do but
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conſider, how that after the Earth ſhall in ſix moneths have run
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thorow half the grand Orb, and ſhall be ſituate oppoſite to that
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Hemiſphere of the Sun, which is now occult unto us, ſo as that
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the boundary of the part that then ſhall be ſeen, may be the ſelf
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ſame A B C D, which alſo ſhall paſſe by the Poles E I; you
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ſhall underſtand that the ſame will evene in the courſes of the
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ſpots, as before, to wit, that all will appear to be made by right
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lines. </
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<
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>But becauſe that that accident takes not place, ſave
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ly when the terminator or boundary paſſeth by the Poles E I,
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and the ſaid terminator from moment to moment, by meanes of
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the Earths annual motion, continually altereth, therefore its
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ſage by the fixed Poles E I, ſhall be momentary, and
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ly momentary ſhall be the time, in which the motions of thoſe
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ſpots ſhall appear ſtraight. </
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<
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>From what hath been hitherto ſpoken
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one may comprehend alſo how that the apparition and beginning
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of the motion of the ſpots from the part F, proceeding towards
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G, their paſſages or courſes are from the left hand, aſcending
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wards the right; but the Earth being placed in the part
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trically oppoſite the appearance of the ſpots about G, ſhall ſtill
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be to the left hand of the beholder, but the paſſage ſhall be
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cending towards the right hand F. </
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<
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>Let us now deſcribe the Earth
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te be ſituate one fourth part farther diſtant from its preſent ſtate,
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and let us draw, as in the other figure, the terminator A B C D, </
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