Castelli, Benedetto, Of the mensuration of running waters, 1661
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              fidered, beſides the meaſure, the velocity alſo of the Water;
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              which particular not being thorowly obſerved, is the cauſe of
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              continual miſcariages in ſuch like affairs.</s>
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              <s>APPENDIX VI.</s>
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              <s>Like conſideration ought to be had with the greater diligence,
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              for that an errour therein is more prejudicial; I ſay, ought to
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              be had by thoſe which part and divide Waters; for the
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              watering of fields, as is done in the Territories of
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              Breſcia, Ber­
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              gama, Crema, Pavia, Lodigiano, Cremona,
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              and other places:
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              For if they have not regard to the moſt important point of the
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              variation of the velocity of the Water, but onely to the bare
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              Vulgar meaſure, there will alwaies very great diſorders and pre­
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              judices enſue to the perſons concerned.</s>
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              <s>APPENDIX VII.</s>
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              <s>It ſeemeth that one may obſerve, that whilſt the Water run­
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              neth along a Channel, Current, or Conduit, its velocity is
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              retarded, withheld, and impeded by its touching the Bank or
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              ſide of the ſaid Channel or Current; which, as immoveable, not
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              following the motion of the Water, interrupteth its velocity:
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              From which particular, being true, as I believe it to be moſt
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              true, and from our conſiderations, we have an occaſion of diſ­
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              covering a very nice miſtake, into which thoſe commonly fall
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              who divide the Waters of Fountains. </s>
              <s>Which diviſion is wont
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              to be, by what I have ſeen here in
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              Rome,
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              performed two wayes;
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              The firſt of which is with the meaſures of like figures, as Cir­
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              cles, or Squares, having cut through a Plate of metal ſeveral
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              Circles or Squares, one of half an inch, another of one inch,
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              another of two, of three, of four,
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              &c.
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              with which they after­
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              wards adjuſt the Cocks to diſpence the Waters. </s>
              <s>The other
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              manner of dividing the Waters of Fountains, is with rectangle
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              paralellograms, of the ſame height, but of different Baſes, in ſuch
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              ſort likewiſe, that one paralellogram be of half an inch, another
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              of one, two, three,
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              &c.
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              In which manner of meaſuring and
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              dividing the Water, it ſhould ſeem that the Cocks being placed
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              in one and the ſame plain, equidiſtant from the level, or ſuperior
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              ſuperficies of the water of the Well; and the ſaid meaſures be­
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              ing moſt exactly made, the Water ought conſequently alſo to
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              be equally divided, and parted according to the proportion of
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              the meaſures. </s>
              <s>But if we well conſider every particular, we ſhall
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              finde, that the Cocks, as they ſucceſſively are greater, diſcharge
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              alwaies more Water than the juſt quantity, in compariſon of </s>
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