Castelli, Benedetto
,
Of the mensuration of running waters
,
1661
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fidered, beſides the meaſure, the velocity alſo of the Water;
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which particular not being thorowly obſerved, is the cauſe of
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continual miſcariages in ſuch like affairs.</
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>APPENDIX VI.</
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>Like conſideration ought to be had with the greater diligence,
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for that an errour therein is more prejudicial; I ſay, ought to
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be had by thoſe which part and divide Waters; for the
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watering of fields, as is done in the Territories of
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Breſcia, Ber
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gama, Crema, Pavia, Lodigiano, Cremona,
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and other places:
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For if they have not regard to the moſt important point of the
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variation of the velocity of the Water, but onely to the bare
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Vulgar meaſure, there will alwaies very great diſorders and pre
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judices enſue to the perſons concerned.</
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>APPENDIX VII.</
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>It ſeemeth that one may obſerve, that whilſt the Water run
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neth along a Channel, Current, or Conduit, its velocity is
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retarded, withheld, and impeded by its touching the Bank or
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ſide of the ſaid Channel or Current; which, as immoveable, not
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following the motion of the Water, interrupteth its velocity:
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From which particular, being true, as I believe it to be moſt
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true, and from our conſiderations, we have an occaſion of diſ
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covering a very nice miſtake, into which thoſe commonly fall
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who divide the Waters of Fountains. </
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>Which diviſion is wont
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to be, by what I have ſeen here in
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Rome,
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performed two wayes;
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The firſt of which is with the meaſures of like figures, as Cir
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cles, or Squares, having cut through a Plate of metal ſeveral
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Circles or Squares, one of half an inch, another of one inch,
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another of two, of three, of four,
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&c.
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with which they after
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wards adjuſt the Cocks to diſpence the Waters. </
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>The other
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manner of dividing the Waters of Fountains, is with rectangle
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paralellograms, of the ſame height, but of different Baſes, in ſuch
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ſort likewiſe, that one paralellogram be of half an inch, another
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of one, two, three,
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&c.
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In which manner of meaſuring and
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dividing the Water, it ſhould ſeem that the Cocks being placed
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in one and the ſame plain, equidiſtant from the level, or ſuperior
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ſuperficies of the water of the Well; and the ſaid meaſures be
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ing moſt exactly made, the Water ought conſequently alſo to
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be equally divided, and parted according to the proportion of
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the meaſures. </
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>But if we well conſider every particular, we ſhall
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finde, that the Cocks, as they ſucceſſively are greater, diſcharge
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alwaies more Water than the juſt quantity, in compariſon of </
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