Galilei, Galileo, The systems of the world, 1661

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              <s>
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              thoſe admirable conſequences which are derived from the Earths
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg595"/>
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              annual motion, to the other Planets, that is to ſay, of the ^{*}
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              ons and retrogradations of the three uppermoſt in particular; he
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              ſubjoyneth, that this apparent mutation (which is diſcerned more
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              in
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              Mars
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              than in
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              Jupiter,
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              by reaſon
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              Jupiter
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              is more remote, and
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              yet leſſe in
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              Saturn,
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              by reaſon it is more remote than
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              Jupiter
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              ) in
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              the fixed Stars, did remain imperceptible, by reaſon of their
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              immenſe remoteneſſe from us, in compariſon of the diſtances of
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Jupiter
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              or
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              Saturn.
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              Here the Adverſaries of this opinion riſe up,
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              and ſuppoſing that fore-named imperceptibility of
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              Copernicus,
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              as
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              if it had been taken by him, for a real and abſolute thing of
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              thing, and adding, that a fixed Star of one of the leſſer
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              tudes, is notwithſtanding perceptible, ſeeing that it cometh
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              der the ſence of ſeeing, they go on to calculate with the
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              vention of other falſe aſſumptions, and concluding that it is
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              ſary by the
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              Copernican
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              Doctrine, to admit, that a fixed Star is much
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              bigger than the whole grand Orb. </s>
              <s>Now to diſcover the vanity
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              of this their whole proceeding, I ſhall ſhew that a fixed Star of the
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              ſixth magnitude, being ſuppoſed to be no bigger than the Sun,
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              one may thence conclude with true demonſtrations, that the
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              ſtance of the ſaid fixed Stars from us, cometh to be ſo great, that
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              the annual motion of the Earth, which cauſeth ſo great and
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              notable variations in the Planets, appears ſcarce obſervable in
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              them; and at the ſame time, I will diſtinctly ſhew the groſs
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              fallacies, in the aſſumptions of
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              Copernicus
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              his Adverſaries.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Litigious Lawyers
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              that are
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              ed in an ill cauſe,
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              keep cloſe to ſome
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              expreſſion fallen
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              from the adverſe
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              party at unawares.
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              </s>
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              <s>
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              * Or progreſſions.</s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg596"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              The apparent
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              diverſity of motion
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              in the Planets, is
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              inſenſible in the
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              fixed Start.
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              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Suppoſing that a
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              fixed Star of the
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              ſixth magnitude is
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              no bigger than the
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              Sun,
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              the diverſitie
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              which is ſo great
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              in the Planets, in
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              the fixed Stars is
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              almost inſenſible.
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              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>And firſt of all, I ſuppoſe with the ſaid
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              Copernicus,
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              and alſo
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              with his oppoſers, that the Semidiameter of the grand Orb, which
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              is the diſtance of the Earth from the Sun, containeth 1208
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              diameters of the ſaid Earth. </s>
              <s>Secondly, I premiſe with the
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              ance aforeſaid, and of truth, that the ^{*} apparent diameter of the
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              Sun in its mean diſtance, to be about half a degree, that is, 30.
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              min. </s>
              <s>prim.
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              which are 1800. ſeconds, that is, 108000. thirds.
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              </s>
              <s>And becauſe the apparent Diameter of a fixed Star of the firſt
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg600"/>
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              magnitude, is no more than 5. ſeconds, that is, 300. thirds, and
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              the Diameter of a fixed Star of the ſixth magnitude, 50. thirds,
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              (and herein is the greateſt errour of the
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              Anti-Copernicans
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              )
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg601"/>
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              fore the Diameter of the Sun, containeth the Diameter of a
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              fixed Star of the ſixth magnitude 2160 times. </s>
              <s>And therefore
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              if a fixed Star of the ſixth magnitude, were ſuppoſed to be really
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              equal to the Sun, and not bigger, which is the ſame as to ſay, if
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              the Sun were ſo far removed, that its Diameter ſhould ſeem to
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              be one of the 2160. parts of what it now appeareth, its diſtance
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              ought of neceſſity to be 2160. times greater than now in effect it
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              is, which is as much as to ſay, that the diſtance of the fixed Stars
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              of the ſixth magnitude, is 2160. Semidiameters of the grand </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
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