Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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              axle, one end of which is mortised into the large horizontal axle, and the
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              other end is held in a hollow covered with thick iron plates in a beam. </s>
              <s>Thus
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              the paddles, of which there are three sets in each tub, turn round, and
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              agitating the powder, thoroughly mix it with water and separate the minute
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              particles of gold from it, and these are attracted by the quicksilver and
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              purified. </s>
              <s>The water carries away the waste. </s>
              <s>The quicksilver is poured
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              into a bag made of leather or cloth woven from cotton, and when this bag is
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              squeezed, as I have described elsewhere, the quicksilver drips through it into
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              a jar placed underneath. </s>
              <s>The pure gold
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              13
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              remains in the bag. </s>
              <s>Some people
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              substitute three broad sluices for the tubs, each of which has an angular axle
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              on which are set six narrow spokes, and to them are fixed the same number of
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              broad paddles; the water that is poured in strikes these paddles and turns
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              them round, and they agitate the powder which is mixed with the water and
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              separate the metal from it. </s>
              <s>If the powder which is being treated contains
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              gold particles, the first method of washing is far superior, because the quick­
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              silver in the tubs immediately attracts the gold; if it is powder in which
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              are the small black stones from which tin is smelted, this latter method is
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              not to be despised. </s>
              <s>It is very advantageous to place interlaced fir boughs
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              in the sluices in which such tin-stuff is washed, after it has run through the
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              launders from the mills, because the fine tin-stone is either held back by the
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              twigs, or if the current carries them along they fall away from the water
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              and settle down.</s>
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