Castelli, Benedetto - Of the mensuration of running waters

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1away, the courſe ef the water notably increaſeth, it is therefore
neceſſary that the ſaid water abate in meaſure, and become
lower.

APPENDIX. X.

We having above obſerved ſome errors that are commit
ted in diſtributing the waters of Fountains, and thoſe
that ſerve to water fields; it ſeemeth now fit, by way of
a cloſe to this diſcourſe, to advertiſe by what means theſe divi
ſions may be made juſtly and without error. I therefore think
that one might two ſeveral wayes exquiſitly divide the water of
Fountains; The firſt would be by diligently examining, Firſt,
how much water the whole Fountain diſchargeth in a determi
nate time, as for inſtance: How many Barrels, or Tuns it carri
eth in a ſet time; and in caſe you are afterwards to diſtribute
the water, diſtribute it at the rate of ſomany Barrels or Tuns, in
that ſame time; and in this caſe the participants would have
their punctual ſhares: Nor could it ever happen to ſend out more
water, than is reckoned to be in the principal Fountain; as befel
Giulio Frontino, and as alſo it frequently happeneth in the Mo
dern Aqueducts, to the publick and private detriment.

The other way of dividing the ſame waters of a Fountain, is
alſo ſufficiently exact and eaſie, and may be, by having one one
ly ſize for the Cock or Pipe, as ſuppoſe of an inch, or of half an
inch; and when the caſe requireth to diſpence two, three, and
more inches, take ſo many Cocks of the ſaid meaſure as do eva
cuate the water, which is to be emitted; and if we are to make
uſe onely of one greater Cock, we being to place one to diſ
charge for example four inches; and having the former ſole mea
ſure of an inch, we muſt make a Cock that is bigger, its true, than
the Cock of one inch; but not ſimply in a quadruple propor
tion, for that it would diſcharge more than juſt ſo much water,
as hath been ſaid above; but we ought to examine diligently
how much water the little Cock emitteth in an hour; and then
enlarge, and contract the greater Cock, ſo, that it may diſ
charge four times as much water as the leſſer in the ſame time;
and by this means we ſhall avoid the diſorder hinted in the
ſeventh Appendix. It would be neceſſary nevertheleſs, to ac
commodate the Cocks of the Ciſtern ſo, that the level of the
water in the Ciſtern may alwayes reſt at one determinate mark
above the Cock, otherwiſe the Cocks will emit ſometimes
greater, and ſometimes leſſe abundance of water: And becauſe
it may be that the ſame water of the Fountain may be ſometimes
more abundant, ſometimes leſs; in ſuch caſe it will be neceſſary

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