Lorini, Buonaiuto , Le fortificationi, old version (312 p.), 1609

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb xlink:href="031/01/036.jpg" pagenum="24"/>
              ſi diſſe, & che la ſua muraglia nel fondame
                <gap/>
              nto debba eſſer groſſa tre braccia, e vada alto diciotto, con
                <lb/>
              la metà di ſcarpa. </s>
              <s>E poi con vna ſeconda
                <gap/>
              linea ſi noti la detta ſcarpa, che ſarà di nouebraccia, & ap­
                <lb/>
              preſſo con vn'altra terza linea, pur parale
                <gap/>
              lla, lontana vn braccio, e mezo, che moſtrerà la groſſezza di
                <lb/>
              detta muraglia al fine della predetta ſua
                <gap/>
              ltezza, ſi che lo ſpatio D, contenuto con le tre line e ſarà
                <lb/>
              la ſcarpa, con la groſſezza della muragli
                <gap/>
              , laquale ſcarpa non èvſata fare per quanto tiene la larghez­
                <lb/>
              za del fianco, con la lunghezza del dir
                <gap/>
              o della ſpalla; e queſto perche eſſendo il fianco tra due mura
                <lb/>
              glie ſerrato, vien giudicato, che poſſa
                <gap/>
              ſicuro, ſenza la detta grande ſcarpa; & per il diritto della
                <lb/>
              ſpalla, dicono, che tale ſcarpa impedi
                <gap/>
              e la viſta della cannoniera nello ſcoprire il foſſo. </s>
              <s>Ma eſſendo
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              queſto vn'vſo male inteſo, e di mol
                <gap/>
              d anno, giudico per ciò eſſerneceſſario fare in tal parte la ſteſſa
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              ſcarpa, che ſi farà nelle altre, ò alme
                <gap/>
              on vn terzo della ſua altezza; perche aggiungendogli la baſe,
                <lb/>
              e fermo piede, apporta ſicurtà a tur
                <gap/>
              l'
                <gap/>
              pera, che è quello, che ſi deue ſempre procurar di fare, e maſ­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg37"/>
              ſime in parte così important
                <gap/>
              , No
                <gap/>
              mendo luogo di verità, l'oppoſitione fatta alla ſearpa di detto
                <lb/>
              diritto, cioè, che occupi la viſta al
                <gap/>
              la
                <gap/>
              noniera, perche fa la ſteſſa linea, che douera fare il tiro per
                <lb/>
              iſcoprire, e difendere la fronte del
                <gap/>
              alt to ba
                <gap/>
              ardo, come s'è detto nel ſopraſcritto Capitolo; oltre a
                <lb/>
              che tale ſcarpa ne aſſicura li alzat
                <gap/>
              , det errapieni. </s>
              <s>Segue poi ſopra l'altezza di detta muraglia, che ſi
                <lb/>
              preſuppone, ſia circa il piano del ſito dopo la ſtrada delle ronde, come ſi dirà, l'alzato dello ſcarpone,
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              che douerà fare il terrapieno ſino a
                <gap/>
              ll'altezza delle piazze con le lor difeſe, ilquale preſupporremo va­
                <lb/>
              da alto braccia dieci, al più, e maſſim e nelle cortine, che
                <expan abbr="douerãno">doueranno</expan>
              eſſere più baſſe che non ſarà quello
                <lb/>
              de baluardi, e fatte con altrotant
                <gap/>
              , di ſcarpa, la quale ſcarpa ſi vedrà per la quarta linea paralella alla
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg38"/>
              terza, cioè lo ſpatio C, ſeguer, er vltimo da fare nella fronte del baluardo la groſſezza del parapet­
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              to di braccia diciotto, bencheb aſterebbe di quindici, & quello della cortina ſolo di dodici, come ſi ve­
                <lb/>
              de per lo ſpatio B, pa
                <gap/>
              petto del baluardo, & P, quello della cortina, quanto poi alle partinteriori,
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              che ſono le ſtrade coperte NO, vanno alle piazze baſſe de fianchi, con la ſortita LI, queſte ſtra­
                <lb/>
              de, & ſortite vanno coperte col ſuo volto ſotto al terrapieno, reſtando libere le dette piazze de fian­
                <lb/>
              chi MT, cioè ſcoperte di ſopra, e dauanti coperte con l'altezze de' merloni, doue ſono le ſue can­
                <lb/>
              noniere (nel modo che al ſuo luogo ſi dirà) la larghezza poi che douerà reſtare nella gola del baluar­
                <lb/>
              do A, tra l'vna, e l'altra piazza, dopo le ſue difeſe, douerà eſſere venti paſſa, douendoſi però fare
                <lb/>
              l'angolo interiore del baluardo largo a linea retta ſeſſanta paſſa. </s>
              <s>Seguono le cortine, e parapetti
                <lb/>
              PQ, con le piazze terrapienate VZ, & i due caualieri FG, ma fatte le ſue piazze con l'angolo
                <lb/>
              retto verſo il baluardo oppoſito, come ſi dirà. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg34"/>
              Molti ſo­
                <lb/>
              no reſtati
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              ingannati
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              <21> non an­
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              tiuedere
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              gli effetti
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              delle ſcar­
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              pe.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg35"/>
              Doue ſi de
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              uono pi­
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              glia
                <gap/>
              e le
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              miſure nel
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              la Fortez­
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              za.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg36"/>
              Come ſi
                <lb/>
              diſegni la
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              Fortezza
                <expan abbr="ī">im</expan>
                <lb/>
              pianta.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg37"/>
              Diritto del­
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              la gola del
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              hanco fatto
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              con la ſcar­
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              pa.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg38"/>
                <gap/>
              del
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                <gap/>
              pieno.
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              </s>
              <s>did
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              tro.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="head">
              <s>COME SI DEVONO FONDARE LEMVRAGLIE; ET PER CHE SI DEVE FARE LA
                <lb/>
              SCARPA A QVELLE DELLE FORTEZZE.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="head">
              <s>CAP. IX.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>TVTTI quelli, che fanno fabricare, doueriano al parer mio ſempre riguarda­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg39"/>
              re a due principali coſe; prima alla ſtabilità dell'opera, acciò la fabrica ſi con­
                <lb/>
              ſerui lungo tempo; poi alla commodità dell'vſo, a che ſarà dedicata. </s>
              <s>In quan­
                <lb/>
              to alla prima, chedara al noſtro propoſito, biſognerà con molta diligenza ri­
                <lb/>
              guardare al ſuo fondamento; atteſo, che formando vna machina di materia
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              graue, & non le facendo ſotto il ſoſtegno proportionato al ſuo peſo, ſaremo
                <lb/>
              certi, che toſto andrà in ruina; e però ſi deuono fare li fondamenti delle mura­
                <lb/>
              glie tanto profondi, e groſſi, che baſtino a poter ſoſtentare tutto il corpo della
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg40"/>
              fabrica, conforme però ſempre alla natura del ſito. </s>
              <s>Perche douendo fondare ſopra il ſaſſo, ò altra
                <lb/>
              materia dura, ogni qualità di fondamento ne ſeruirà, pur che il principio della muraglia ſia ſempre
                <lb/>
              più groſſo del reſto, ſi che poſſa far baſe, e fermo piede a eſſo ſuo corpo, & accadendo fondare in luo­
                <lb/>
              go paludoſo, dopo alla profondità, e larghezza, che ſi darà di più alla ſua pianta, ſi deue prima riem­
                <lb/>
              pire il ſuo fondamento di ſpeſſi, e lunghi pali di legname verde, liquali vi ſieno fitti con gli ſtromenti
                <lb/>
              nominati battipali, ſi che l'vno tocchi l'altro con la teſta, evenghino a formare il piano, e il principio
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg41"/>
              della muraglia, che ſi deue fare con pietre groſſe, e bene ſpianate; douendoſi ancora ſempre riguar­
                <lb/>
              dare alla natura della materia, con la quale ſi douerà operare, e particolarmente ſeruirſi della eſpe­
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              rienza dell'opere antiche; & ancora ſapere, che in due modi ſoli eſſe muraglie poſſono ſoſtentare il
                <lb/>
              peſo loro, ſopra il detto ſuo fondamento; il primo ſarà quello, che ſi poſerà perpendicolare, come ſo-</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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