Caverni, Raffaello, Storia del metodo sperimentale in Italia, 1891-1900

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <pb xlink:href="020/01/375.jpg" pagenum="356"/>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <emph type="center"/>
              IV.
                <emph.end type="center"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Da quali principii diottrici fosse condotto Galileo in trattar della ra­
                <lb/>
              gione e del modo come si vengono a ingrandire gli oggetti, per opera del
                <lb/>
              Telescopio, si par manifesto da ciò che, in presentar per la prima volta al
                <lb/>
              pubblico il suo nuovo strumento, ne scrisse nel Nunzio Sidereo. </s>
              <s>Preghiamo
                <lb/>
              i nostri lettori ad attender bene alla scienza ottica dalla quale sono infor­
                <lb/>
              mate le parole seguenti: “ Sit enim facilioris intelligentiae gratia, tubus ABCD
                <lb/>
                <figure id="id.020.01.375.1.jpg" xlink:href="020/01/375/1.jpg" number="34"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>Figura 26.
                <lb/>
              (fig. </s>
              <s>26) oculus inspicientis esto
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              E. Radii, dum nulla in tubo ades­
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              sent Perspicilla, ab obiecto FG ad
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              oculum E, secundum lineas rectas
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              FCE, GDE ferrentur: sed, apposi­
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              tis Perspicillis, ferentur secundum
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              lineas refractas HCE, IDE: coar­
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              ctantur enim, et qui prius liberi
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              ad FG obiectum dirigebantur, par­
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              tem tantummodo HI comprehendent ” (Alb. </s>
              <s>III, 62). </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Che strana teoria del modo di operar del Canocchiale è mai questa? </s>
              <s>
                <lb/>
              Chi così ne discorse, tutt'altro che aver cavato il suo discorso
                <emph type="italics"/>
              dalle più re­
                <lb/>
              condite speculazioni di Prospettiva,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              si direbbe che di Prospettiva, ossia di
                <lb/>
              scienza diottrica, non ne aveva nemmeno la prima idea. </s>
              <s>Come mai s'ingran­
                <lb/>
              discono gli oggetti per refrazione coartando i raggi,
                <emph type="italics"/>
              coarctantur enim?
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              e
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              come posson le lenti mostrare ingranditi gli oggetti, se per l'esempio del­
                <lb/>
              l'Autore non si rappresenta dell'oggetto FG all'occhio altro che una por­
                <lb/>
              zione HI di lui? </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>A svelare il mistero giova intanto sapere esser qui da Galileo profes­
                <lb/>
              sata l'opinione che le lenti mostrino per refrangenza ingrandite le cose,
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              perchè, condensandone i raggi, le rappresentano all'occhio più intensamente
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              illuminate. </s>
              <s>Che poi, per opera delle rifrazioni, facendosi gli stessi raggi di­
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              vergere, si accresca l'angolo visuale, non passa per la mente dell'Autore. </s>
              <s>
                <lb/>
              L'obiettivo per lui opera a quello stesso modo che opera l'oculare, e am­
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              messo, a modo platonico, che le linee radiose muovan dall'occhio per an­
                <lb/>
              dare a incontrar l'oggetto
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (ad obiectum FG dirigebantur),
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              non sospetta
                <lb/>
              nemmen dalla lontana che i raggi s'incrocino mai in tutto quel tragitto che
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              fanno per venir dall'oggetto lontano ad appuntarsi nell'occhio. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Poco dopo aver professate Galileo così fatte dottrine, seppure si meri­
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              tano il nome di dottrine, soggiunge ivi la promessa di dare alla prima oc­
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              casione al pubblico
                <emph type="italics"/>
              absolutam huius Organi theoriam,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              e par che questa
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              occasione aspettasse a venir tredici anni dopo, quando dette mano a scri­
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              vere il
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Saggiatore.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              Qui si torna a trattar della teoria del
                <gap/>
              </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
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    </archimedes>
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